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首頁> 外文會議>Multiscale mechanobiology of bone remodeling and adaptation >Review of 'Universal' Rules Governing Bone Composition, Organization, and Elasticity Across Organizational Hierarchies
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Review of 'Universal' Rules Governing Bone Composition, Organization, and Elasticity Across Organizational Hierarchies

機(jī)譯：審查有關(guān)組織層次結(jié)構(gòu)的骨組成，組織和彈性的“通用”規(guī)則

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"Universal" organizational patterns in bone are reviewed and presented, in terms of mathematically expressed rules concerning the composition and elasticity of a large variety of tissues. Firstly, experimental data sets gained from dehydration-demineralization tests, dehydration-deorganification tests, and dehydration-ashing tests are thoroughly analyzed. On this basis, bilinear relations can be identified, between the mass density of the extracellular bone matrix on the one hand, and the apparent mass densities of its basic constituents (water, hydroxyapatite, and organic matter), on the other hand. Secondly, the question as to how hydroxyapatite is distributed in bone tissue is addressed. To that end, mass and volume measurements gained from wet, dehydrated, and demineralized tissue samples, as well as optical densities provided by transmission electron microscopy, are studied, confirming a rule on how the mineral is partitioned between fibrillar and extrafibrillar spaces in the ultrastructure of bone. Thirdly, a swelling rule for hydrating collagen is validated through processing of experimental data from X-ray diffraction, vacuum drying, and mass measurements, quantifying the change of the bone tissue composition upon hydration. And fourthly, application of the mass conservation law to extracellular bone matrix considered as closed thermodynamic system, allows for studying the change of bone tissue composition during mineralization. Finally, these compositional rules, which are shown to be "universally" valid throughout the vertebrate kingdom, enter a micromechanical homogenization scheme for upscaling the experimentally accessible elastic properties of the elementary mechanical building blocks of bone (hydroxy apatite minerals, type I collagen, and water with non-collageneous organics) to the macroscopic scale of cortical and trabecular bone.
機(jī)譯：根據(jù)涉及多種組織的組成和彈性的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)規(guī)則，回顧并介紹了骨骼中的“通用”組織模式。首先，對從脫水-脫礦化試驗(yàn)，脫水-脫組織試驗(yàn)和脫水灰化試驗(yàn)獲得的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了全面分析。在此基礎(chǔ)上，一方面可以確定細(xì)胞外骨基質(zhì)的質(zhì)量密度與其基本成分（水，羥磷灰石和有機(jī)物）的表觀質(zhì)量密度之間的雙線性關(guān)系。其次，解決了關(guān)于羥基磷灰石如何在骨組織中分布的問題。為此，研究了從濕的，脫水的和脫礦質(zhì)的組織樣品中獲得的質(zhì)量和體積測量值，以及透射電子顯微鏡提供的光學(xué)密度，從而確定了礦物如何在超微結(jié)構(gòu)的原纖維和原纖維空間之間分配的規(guī)則。骨頭第三，通過處理來自X射線衍射，真空干燥和質(zhì)量測量的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證了水合膠原的溶脹規(guī)則，量化了水合時(shí)骨組織組成的變化。第四，將質(zhì)量守恒定律應(yīng)用于被認(rèn)為是封閉的熱力學(xué)系統(tǒng)的細(xì)胞外骨基質(zhì)，可以研究礦化過程中骨組織組成的變化。最后，這些組成規(guī)則（在整個(gè)脊椎動物界中被普遍證明是“普遍”有效的）進(jìn)入了微機(jī)械均質(zhì)化方案，以擴(kuò)大骨骼的基本機(jī)械構(gòu)件（羥基磷灰石礦物，I型膠原和水和非膠原有機(jī)物）到皮質(zhì)和小梁骨的宏觀尺度。

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