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Effects of contrast polarity between background and foreground in air traffic control displays for time-to-contact judgments.

機(jī)譯：空中交通管制顯示屏中背景和前景之間的對(duì)比度極性的影響，以進(jìn)行接觸時(shí)間判斷。

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For time-to-contact predictions, an air traffic controller must first identify the location of the point of intersection. In a pilot study, Dion showed the initial judgment task of locating the intersection point can be affected by contrast scheme, but did not incorporate motion into the task (locating two line segments' intersection point). The present research compares the 2 contrast schemes by utilizing a prediction task similar to the Law, Pellegrino, Mitchell, Fischer, McDonald and Hunt, arrival-time judgment task (participant predicted which object arrived first) with two objects moving to a contact point by having one of the objects set to reach its contact point first with the display stopping when the objects were two-thirds the way to the given contact point to investigate prediction of motion. Accuracy in the task was calculated as percentage correct and was submitted to a 5-way and 6-way mixed-design ANOVA in order to examine the "closer arrives first" bias shown by participants in Law et al. The results are discussed in conjunction with the previous research of Law et al. and in regards to the present study's hypothesis of contrast polarity. There was no difference in participants' performance in identifying which object will arrive first in the negative and positive contrast polarity conditions. Even though there was no effect of contrast polarity, a marginal contrast polarity x configuration x arrival time differential (ATD) interaction, F(4, 40) = 2.50, p = .06, and a marginal contrast polarity x winning object x velocity ratio x ATD x gender interaction, F(2, 20) = 2.76, p = .09, were shown. Design recommendations and future implications are discussed.
機(jī)譯：對(duì)于接觸時(shí)間的預(yù)測(cè)，空中交通管制員必須首先確定交叉點(diǎn)的位置。在一項(xiàng)初步研究中，Dion顯示了確定相交點(diǎn)的初始判斷任務(wù)可能會(huì)受到對(duì)比方案的影響，但并未將運(yùn)動(dòng)納入任務(wù)中（確定兩個(gè)線段的相交點(diǎn)）。本研究通過(guò)使用類(lèi)似于Law，Pellegrino，Mitchell，F(xiàn)ischer，McDonald和Hunt的預(yù)測(cè)任務(wù)，到達(dá)時(shí)間判斷任務(wù)（參與者預(yù)測(cè)哪個(gè)對(duì)象首先到達(dá)）與兩個(gè)對(duì)象移動(dòng)到接觸點(diǎn)的比較任務(wù)，比較了兩種對(duì)比方案。將對(duì)象之一設(shè)置為首先到達(dá)其接觸點(diǎn)，然后在對(duì)象到達(dá)給定接觸點(diǎn)三分之二的位置時(shí)停止顯示，以調(diào)查運(yùn)動(dòng)預(yù)測(cè)。任務(wù)中的準(zhǔn)確度以正確的百分比計(jì)算，并提交給5向和6向混合設(shè)計(jì)方差分析，以檢查L(zhǎng)aw等人所表現(xiàn)出的“近距離到達(dá)優(yōu)先”偏差。結(jié)合Law等人的先前研究討論了結(jié)果。關(guān)于本研究的對(duì)比極性假說(shuō)。在確定在負(fù)和正對(duì)比度極性條件下哪個(gè)物體首先到達(dá)時(shí)，參與者的表現(xiàn)沒(méi)有差異。即使沒(méi)有反差極性的影響，邊緣反差極性x配置x到達(dá)時(shí)間差（ATD）交互作用，F(xiàn)（4，40）= 2.50，p = .06，以及邊緣反差極性x獲勝對(duì)象x速度比顯示了x ATD x性別互動(dòng)，F(xiàn)（2，20）= 2.76，p = .09。設(shè)計(jì)建議和未來(lái)的影響進(jìn)行了討論。

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