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The characteristics and neural substrates of feedback-based decision process in recognition memory.

機(jī)譯：識(shí)別記憶中基于反饋的決策過(guò)程的特征和神經(jīng)基礎(chǔ)。

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The judgment of prior stimulus occurrence, generally referred to as item recognition, is perhaps the most heavily studied of all memory skills. A skilled recognition observer not only recovers high fidelity memory evidence, he or she is also able to flexibly modify how much evidence is required for affirmative responding (the decision criterion) depending upon whether the context calls for a cautious or liberal task approach. The ability to adaptively adjust the decision criterion is a relatively understudied recognition skill, and the goal of this thesis is to examine reinforcement learning mechanisms contributing to recognition criterion adaptability. In Chapter 1, I review a measurement model whose theoretical framework has been successfully applied to recognition memory research (i.e., Signal Detection Theory). I also review major findings in the recognition literature examining the adaptive flexibility of criteria. Chapter 2 reports behavioral experiments that examine the sensitivity of decision criteria to trial-by-trial feedback by manipulating feedback validity in a potentially covert manner. Chapter 3 presents another series of behavioral experiments that used even subtler feedback manipulations based on predictions from reinforcement learning and category learning literatures. The findings suggested that feedback induced criterion shifts may rely upon procedural learning mechanisms that are largely implicit. The data also revealed that the magnitudes of induced criterion shifts were significantly correlated with personality measures linked to reward seeking outside the laboratory. In Chapter 4 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to explore possible neurobiological links between brain regions traditionally linked to reinforcement processing, and recognition decisions. Prominent activations in striatum tracked the intrinsic goals of the subjects with greater activation for correct responding to old items compared to correct responding to new items during standard recognition testing. Furthermore, the pattern was amplified and reversed by the addition of extrinsic rewards. Finally, activation in ventral striatum tracked individual differences in personality reward seeking measures. Together, the findings further support the idea that a reinforcement learning system contributes to recognition decision-making. In the final chapter, I review the main implications arising from the research and suggest future research that could bolster the current results and implications.
機(jī)譯：先前刺激發(fā)生的判斷，通常稱為項(xiàng)目識(shí)別，可能是所有記憶技能中研究最多的一項(xiàng)。熟練的識(shí)別觀察者不僅可以獲取高保真度的記憶證據(jù)，還可以根據(jù)上下文是需要謹(jǐn)慎還是自由的任務(wù)方法靈活地修改肯定響應(yīng)（決策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）所需的證據(jù)量。自適應(yīng)地調(diào)整決策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的能力是一種相對(duì)未被充分研究的識(shí)別技能，并且本文的目的是研究有助于識(shí)別標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適應(yīng)性的強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制。在第一章中，我回顧了一種測(cè)量模型，其理論框架已成功應(yīng)用于識(shí)別記憶研究（即信號(hào)檢測(cè)理論）。我還將回顧識(shí)別文獻(xiàn)中對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適應(yīng)性靈活性的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)。第2章報(bào)告了行為實(shí)驗(yàn)，該行為實(shí)驗(yàn)通過(guò)以潛在的秘密方式操縱反饋有效性來(lái)檢查決策標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)逐項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)反饋的敏感性。第3章介紹了另一系列的行為實(shí)驗(yàn)，這些實(shí)驗(yàn)基于強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)和類別學(xué)習(xí)文獻(xiàn)的預(yù)測(cè)甚至使用了微妙的反饋操作。研究結(jié)果表明，反饋引起的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)轉(zhuǎn)移可能依賴于很大程度上隱含的過(guò)程學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制。數(shù)據(jù)還顯示，誘發(fā)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差的幅度與與在實(shí)驗(yàn)室外尋求獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)有關(guān)的人格測(cè)度顯著相關(guān)。在第4章中，功能磁共振成像（fMRI）用于探討傳統(tǒng)上與強(qiáng)化處理和識(shí)別決策相關(guān)的大腦區(qū)域之間可能存在的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)聯(lián)系。與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)識(shí)別測(cè)試中對(duì)新項(xiàng)目的正確響應(yīng)相比，紋狀體中顯著的激活追蹤了受試者的內(nèi)在目標(biāo)，具有更高的激活率，以正確響應(yīng)舊項(xiàng)目。此外，通過(guò)添加外在獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，該模式得到了放大和逆轉(zhuǎn)。最后，腹側(cè)紋狀體的激活追蹤了人格獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)措施中的個(gè)體差異。總之，這些發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步支持了強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)有助于識(shí)別決策的觀點(diǎn)。在最后一章中，我回顧了該研究產(chǎn)生的主要影響，并提出了可以加強(qiáng)當(dāng)前結(jié)果和影響的未來(lái)研究。

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  • 作者

    Han, Sanghoon.;

  • 作者單位

    Duke University.;

  • 授予單位 Duke University.;
  • 學(xué)科 Psychology Psychobiology.;Psychology Cognitive.;Psychology Experimental.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 頁(yè)碼 155 p.
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù) 155
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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