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The social structure of a scientific community: A case study of the Travel and Tourism Research Association.

機(jī)譯：科學(xué)共同體的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)：以旅行與旅游研究協(xié)會(huì)為例。

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The applied tourism research community is characterized by a large and growing group of research producers and users; communications and networking amongst its members can build the capacity of the community and create knowledge networks along its social, cultural, and organizational boundaries. The purpose of this thesis research is to examine the role of tourism research associations in the social structuring of a cohesive applied research community and, consequently, in the fostering of its growth. Following an embedded single case design, the study uses the Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA hereafter) as an example of an applied tourism research community. The research examines members' perceptions of the association in the capacity-building of the membership community through research communications and professional networks. Based on documentary sources, an instrument was developed for primary data collection through an online census of TTRA members. Data collection was completed in the Spring of 2007, with a response rate of 28.7%. Data analysis is guided by hypothesis, with results of the case study described and discussed in the contexts of research communications, knowledge networks, scientific community, and research association planning and management.;Second, in terms of networks or networking amongst TTRA members, types and extent of member interactions are influenced by members' occupations, in particular whether the member is an academic or practitioner. Professional networks are formed on the basis of research interests and expertise; so are the perceptions of research networks and the perceived role of TTRA in professional networking affected by gender, career stage, membership positions, and disciplinary and research-oriented preparations. The study finds that the strengths of ties amongst members are both causes and consequences of the size of a community or network. TTRA is generally perceived as becoming too academic and, in light of this, the association is seen as an important facilitator of scholarly networks. Nonetheless, the association community is characterized by pro-academic and pro-practitioner clusters in terms of membership perceptions of research networks and their attitudes towards networking. In addition, while chapter affiliations do not have an impact on network perceptions and behaviour, results from this study point to the facilitator role of association conferences for research communication, professional networking and association capacity-building.;Third, the facilitator role of the association for community capacity-building is widely acknowledged by its members. Respondents see professional networking and association conference venue as particularly important factors in attracting attendance from the membership community. The study confirms the essential role of conferences in building a sense of community for a research association. There is a considerable degree of consensus amongst members on their perceptions of TTRA as a community. Homogeneous clusters are formed by membership perceptions of a community and their willingness or engagement in community service provisions. Conceptually, the clusters developed around (or for) research communication, networking and association capacity-building are highly consistent in terms of pattern matching in case study analysis.;The research has also discussed theoretical and practical implications, some of which are expressed as recommendations for association planning and management. The study concludes with reflections on limitations and prospects for future inquiries.;First, with respect to research communication, a number of social demographic factors are found to have exerted an impact on media use frequencies and decisions, and perceptions of research communication in the membership community. Notably, these include members' occupations, career stages, membership categories, and research-oriented training. The chapter structure of TTRA does not affect members' behaviour in research communication. However, the study confirms a distinction between academics and practitioners and lends support to discussions on the two-community theory concerning cultural and functional differences in producing and consuming research. The study also finds that TTRA-endorsed media are of limited use in the membership community for professional communication. In addition, association members form distinct clusters by the frequency and variety of information sources they have consulted for research communication.
機(jī)譯：應(yīng)用旅游研究社區(qū)的特點(diǎn)是，越來(lái)越多的研究生產(chǎn)者和使用者不斷增長(zhǎng)。其成員之間的通信和聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以增強(qiáng)社區(qū)的能力，并沿著其社會(huì)，文化和組織邊界創(chuàng)建知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。本論文研究的目的是檢驗(yàn)旅游研究協(xié)會(huì)在具有凝聚力的應(yīng)用研究社區(qū)的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中的作用，并因此在促進(jìn)其發(fā)展中發(fā)揮作用。遵循嵌入式單案例設(shè)計(jì)，該研究以旅行和旅游研究協(xié)會(huì)（以下簡(jiǎn)稱TTRA）為例，作為應(yīng)用旅游研究社區(qū)的示例。該研究通過(guò)研究交流和專業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，檢查了會(huì)員對(duì)會(huì)員社區(qū)能力建設(shè)的看法?；谖墨I(xiàn)資料，開(kāi)發(fā)了一種通過(guò)TTRA成員在線普查收集主要數(shù)據(jù)的工具。數(shù)據(jù)收集工作于2007年春季完成，回復(fù)率為28.7％。數(shù)據(jù)分析以假設(shè)為指導(dǎo)，在研究交流，知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，科學(xué)界以及研究協(xié)會(huì)的計(jì)劃和管理環(huán)境中描述和討論了案例研究的結(jié)果;其次，在TTRA成員之間的網(wǎng)絡(luò)或聯(lián)網(wǎng)方面，類型成員互動(dòng)的程度和程度受成員職業(yè)的影響，尤其是成員是學(xué)者還是從業(yè)者?；谘芯颗d趣和專業(yè)知識(shí)形成專業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)；研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)的看法以及TTRA在專業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的作用也受到性別，職業(yè)階段，成員資格以及紀(jì)律和研究導(dǎo)向性準(zhǔn)備的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，成員之間的紐帶關(guān)系既是社區(qū)或網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模的原因，也是后果。 TTRA通常被認(rèn)為過(guò)于學(xué)術(shù)化，因此，該協(xié)會(huì)被視為學(xué)術(shù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的重要推動(dòng)者。盡管如此，就研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)的成員認(rèn)知及其對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的態(tài)度而言，協(xié)會(huì)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn)是支持學(xué)術(shù)界和從業(yè)者群體。此外，雖然各章的隸屬關(guān)系對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的認(rèn)知和行為沒(méi)有影響，但本研究的結(jié)果表明，協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)議在研究交流，專業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和協(xié)會(huì)能力建設(shè)方面起著促進(jìn)作用；第三，協(xié)會(huì)的促進(jìn)作用。社區(qū)能力建設(shè)得到其成員的廣泛認(rèn)可。受訪者將專業(yè)的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)和協(xié)會(huì)會(huì)議場(chǎng)地視為吸引會(huì)員社區(qū)參與的特別重要的因素。該研究證實(shí)了會(huì)議在建立研究協(xié)會(huì)的社區(qū)意識(shí)中的重要作用。成員們對(duì)TTRA作為一個(gè)社區(qū)的看法達(dá)成了相當(dāng)程度的共識(shí)。同類集群是由對(duì)社區(qū)的成員身份及其對(duì)社區(qū)服務(wù)條款的意愿或參與形成的。從概念上講，圍繞（或用于）研究交流，網(wǎng)絡(luò)和協(xié)會(huì)能力建設(shè)發(fā)展的集群在案例研究分析中的模式匹配方面高度一致。;研究還討論了理論和實(shí)踐意義，其中一些表現(xiàn)為建議用于協(xié)會(huì)的計(jì)劃和管理。該研究的結(jié)論是對(duì)未來(lái)查詢的局限性和前景的反思。首先，在研究傳播方面，發(fā)現(xiàn)許多社會(huì)人口因素對(duì)媒體使用頻率和決策以及會(huì)員對(duì)研究傳播的看法產(chǎn)生了影響社區(qū)。值得注意的是，這些內(nèi)容包括會(huì)員的職業(yè)，職業(yè)階段，會(huì)員類別和以研究為導(dǎo)向的培訓(xùn)。 TTRA的章節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)不會(huì)影響成員在研究交流中的行為。但是，該研究證實(shí)了學(xué)者與實(shí)踐者之間的區(qū)別，并支持了關(guān)于兩種社區(qū)理論的討論，該理論涉及生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)研究中的文化和功能差異。該研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，TTRA認(rèn)可的媒體在會(huì)員社區(qū)中僅用于專業(yè)交流。此外，協(xié)會(huì)成員根據(jù)他們?yōu)檠芯拷涣魉稍兊男畔?lái)源的頻率和種類形成了不同的集群。

著錄項(xiàng)

  • 作者

    Xiao, Honggen.;

  • 作者單位

    University of Waterloo (Canada).;

  • 授予單位 University of Waterloo (Canada).;
  • 學(xué)科 Sociology Organizational.;Recreation.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 頁(yè)碼 257 p.
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù) 257
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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