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首頁> 外文學位 >Kinetics of melt-rock reaction with applications to melt transport in the Earth's mantle and the lunar crust.
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Kinetics of melt-rock reaction with applications to melt transport in the Earth's mantle and the lunar crust.

機譯：熔巖反應動力學及其在地幔和月球地殼中的熔體傳輸應用。

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摘要

Melt migration in the Earth's mantle and the Lunar crust were explored through experiments, field measurements and numerical modeling. A series of harzburgite and lherzolite dissolution experiments were conducted in basaltic melts. The experiments result in the formation distinct mineralogical zones including dunite from harzburgite, and dunite and harzburgite from lherzolite, each separated by a sharp interface. Composition profiles are observed in both melt and coexisting solids extending across the entire sequence of mineralogical zones. The growth of the mineralogical zones and the composition profiles are rate limited by diffusion in the melt. Building on the experimental results a field study was conducted at the Josephine ophiolite in southern Oregon and the Trinity ophiolite in northern California. At each ophiolite a detailed transect was collected across a dunite body and the host peridotite lithologies. Both transects revealed composition profiles qualitatively similar to those resulting from the harzburgite and lherzolite dissolution experiments. Simple 2-D numerical simulations were used to explore the effects of melt flow on the composition of dunite and host peridotite lithologies. The Josephine profile is consistent with simulations including a component of melt flow from the harzburgite into the dunite. In contrast, the Trinity profile is consistent with simulations including a component of melt flow from the dunite into the surrounding lithologies. The techniques developed and used to explore melt flow in the Earth's mantle also apply to the other terrestrial planets. A series of anorthosite dissolution experiments were conducted to explore the interaction of the lunar picritic magmas and the anorthite rich lunar crust as a function of temperature. Relative to terrestrial studies, the anorthosite dissolution rates are fast. Experiments dissolving anorthosite into an olivine saturated picritic magma result in both a spinel + melt region next to the anorthosite and a crystal free region from the olivine saturated melt. Part of the chemical variability of the lunar picritic magmas can be explained by anorthosite dissolution.
機譯：通過實驗，實地測量和數值模擬，探索了地幔和月球地殼中的熔體遷移。在玄武質熔體中進行了一系列的harzburgite和lherzolite溶解實驗。實驗結果形成了獨特的礦物學帶，包括來自Harzburgite的榴輝石，來自Lhzolite的榴輝巖和Harzburgite，每個區(qū)域都被一個尖銳的界面隔開。在熔體和共存的固體中，沿著礦物學區(qū)域的整個序列都觀察到了成分分布。礦物學區(qū)的生長和成分分布受到熔體擴散的限制。根據實驗結果，在俄勒岡州南部的約瑟芬蛇綠巖和加利福尼亞州北部的三位一體蛇綠巖進行了現場研究。在每塊蛇綠巖上，均收集了一個橫跨榴輝巖體和宿主橄欖巖巖性的詳細樣帶。這兩個樣線都顯示出與哈茨伯格石和鋰鐵礦溶解實驗產生的定性相似的定性曲線。使用簡單的二維數值模擬來探討熔體流動對榴輝巖和主體橄欖巖巖性組成的影響。約瑟芬的剖面與模擬相吻合，其中包括從哈茲伯格巖到輝光巖的熔體流動成分。相反，Trinity剖面與模擬結果一致，其中包括從Dunite到周圍巖性的熔體流動成分。開發(fā)并用于探索地幔中熔體流動的技術也適用于其他地球行星。進行了一系列的鈣鈦礦溶解實驗，以探討月餅野餐巖漿與富鈣長石月殼的相互作用與溫度的關系。相對于陸地研究，鈣鐵礦的溶解速度很快。將鈣硅鈣石溶解到橄欖石飽和巖質巖漿中的實驗會導致尖晶石+熔體區(qū)域靠近鈣鈣石，并且形成了不含橄欖石飽和熔體的無晶體區(qū)域。月球輕度巖漿的部分化學變異性可以通過原位溶解來解釋。

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  • 作者

    Morgan, Zachary Thomas.;

  • 作者單位

    Brown University.;

  • 授予單位 Brown University.;
  • 學科 Geology.; Geochemistry.
  • 學位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 頁碼 347 p.
  • 總頁數 347
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類 地質學;地質學;
  • 關鍵詞

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