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首頁> 外文學(xué)位 >Compact semiconductor light-emitting diodes for dynamic imaging of neuronal circuitry.
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Compact semiconductor light-emitting diodes for dynamic imaging of neuronal circuitry.

機(jī)譯：用于神經(jīng)電路動(dòng)態(tài)成像的緊湊型半導(dǎo)體發(fā)光二極管。

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A fundamental goal of neuroscience is to study how networks of neurons process information collectively. The study of population activity using conventional patch-clamp technique is limited to sampling the electrical activity of at most few cells. Optical techniques, such as voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging and flash photolysis methods, offer a complementary non-invasive approach to study the activity of neuronal networks. While in the VSD imaging, a potentiometric fluorescent probe (molecular dye) detects the change in membrane potential and reports it as a change in its intensity or spectrum, in the flash photolysis technique, "caged" neurotransmitters that are released with UV pulses are used to trigger the neurons locally and hence map out the connectivity of complex networks. These optical techniques are usually dependent on excitation sources such as bulky incoherent lamps or large frame lasers. In this thesis, compact diode pumped lasers and custom-designed UV and blue/green light emitting diodes (LEDs) are introduced as flexible means to perform dynamic imaging of neural circuitry.; High-efficiency gallium-nitride-based LEDs having individual element sizes comparable to typical biological cells have been fabricated and operated in proximity-illumination mode for individual neurons. Periodic arrays of these emitters have been designed and fabricated to image the activity from a network of cultured hippocampal neurons. The green emitter arrays were used to record the VSD activity from cultured hippocampal neurons and the UV LEDs were used to trigger the activity of the neurons by locally uncaging glutamate, thus eliminating the need for expensive lamps and lasers. With direct electrical control of each LED, a spatially periodic multi-neuronal target can be excited in a predesigned temporal sequence, thereby providing a new approach to dynamic recording of small neural circuits. For cells that have been cultured on patterned periodic templates, this approach is part of our long term goal to develop a new type of dynamical imaging approach to neural networks, as well as to achieve an active "chip scale" interface between a neural and a man-made (optoelectronic) circuit.
機(jī)譯：神經(jīng)科學(xué)的基本目標(biāo)是研究神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)如何集體處理信息。使用常規(guī)膜片鉗技術(shù)進(jìn)行種群活動(dòng)的研究僅限于采樣最多幾個(gè)細(xì)胞的電活動(dòng)。光學(xué)技術(shù)，例如壓敏染料（VSD）成像和快速光解方法，提供了一種補(bǔ)充性的非侵入性方法來研究神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)的活動(dòng)。在VSD成像中，電位熒光探針（分子染料）檢測膜電位的變化并將其報(bào)告為強(qiáng)度或光譜的變化，但在閃光光解技術(shù)中，使用了隨紫外線脈沖釋放的“籠狀”神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)。在本地觸發(fā)神經(jīng)元，從而繪制出復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)的連通性。這些光學(xué)技術(shù)通常取決于激發(fā)源，例如笨重的不相干燈或大型框架激光器。在本文中，緊湊型二極管泵浦激光器和定制設(shè)計(jì)的UV和藍(lán)/綠光發(fā)光二極管（LED）被引入作為執(zhí)行神經(jīng)電路動(dòng)態(tài)成像的靈活方法。具有與典型生物細(xì)胞相當(dāng)?shù)膯蝹€(gè)元件尺寸的高效氮化鎵基LED已被制造出來，并以接近照明的方式運(yùn)行于單個(gè)神經(jīng)元。這些發(fā)射器的周期性陣列已被設(shè)計(jì)和制造，以成像來自培養(yǎng)的海馬神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)的活動(dòng)。綠色發(fā)射器陣列用于記錄培養(yǎng)的海馬神經(jīng)元的VSD活性，而UV LED用于通過局部解谷氨酸來觸發(fā)神經(jīng)元的活性，從而消除了對昂貴的燈和激光器的需求。通過每個(gè)LED的直接電控制，可以以預(yù)先設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)間序列激發(fā)空間周期性的多個(gè)神經(jīng)元目標(biāo)，從而為動(dòng)態(tài)記錄小型神經(jīng)回路提供了一種新方法。對于已經(jīng)在模式化周期性模板上培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞，該方法是我們長期目標(biāo)的一部分，該長期目標(biāo)是開發(fā)一種新型的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)動(dòng)態(tài)成像方法，并實(shí)現(xiàn)神經(jīng)與神經(jīng)元之間的主動(dòng)“芯片級(jí)”界面。人造（光電）電路。

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