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Automatic gain equalization in wavelength-division multiplexed communication systems by using folded nonlinear-optical loop mirrors.

機譯：使用折疊的非線性光學環(huán)路鏡在波分多路復用通信系統(tǒng)中實現自動增益均衡。

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摘要

Nonlinear-optical loop mirrors (NOLMs) have historically been used primarily in applications utilizing pulsed signals, for which large peak powers are attainable, allowing for a useful nonlinear response with a relatively short fiber. However, NOLMs have not been intensively studied in applications using constant-intensity (CI) signals. When CI sources are used, the length of fiber needed to obtain modest nonlinear phase shifts can become very large. To reduce the NOLM's susceptibility to acoustic perturbations, we have folded the nonlinear loop, allowing the signals to pass through twice (once in each direction). When CI signals are used with this double-pass configuration, additional nonlinear interactions must be accounted for that, to the best of our knowledge, have never been studied.; In the research presented in this dissertation, we have studied the folded NOLM in an effort to improve its stability. The resulting improved understanding of the nonlinear effects occurring within the folded loop will have consequences for any folded-NOLM application using signals with peak and average powers of similar magnitude. To serve as a focus for our work, we chose to explore the notion of using folded NOLMs for gain equalization in optically amplified wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) communication systems utilizing CI modulation schemes. Using this application as our motivation for developing a folded NOLM, we have observed two nonlinear effects for the first time: (1) Electrostriction-induced guided acoustic-wave Brillouin scattering (GAWBS); and (2) a phase-matched, degenerate four-wave mixing process that undermines the desired nonlinear action of the folded NOLM. Furthermore, we developed a model of the third-order nonlinear interactions in a folded NOLM that predicts the effects of (2). Using insight provided by this model, we were able to devise and demonstrate a folded NOLM that does not suffer from this effect by adding a phase modulator to one arm, thereby breaking the phase-matching condition in the folded loop. After making the aforementioned modification, we were able to demonstrate a folded NOLM that provides a power-dependent transfer function that selectively attenuates WDM channels when they become too strong, thereby providing automatic gain equalization. The proposed system does not require any feedback and can automatically adjust for system changes.
機譯：非線性光學環(huán)形鏡（NOLM）一直以來主要用于利用脈沖信號的應用中，對于這些應用，可以獲得大的峰值功率，從而允許使用較短的光纖進行有用的非線性響應。但是，尚未在使用恒定強度（CI）信號的應用中對NOLM進行深入研究。當使用CI光源時，獲得適度的非線性相移所需的光纖長度會變得非常大。為了降低NOLM對聲音擾動的敏感性，我們折疊了非線性環(huán)路，使信號可以通過兩次（每個方向一次）。當CI信號用于這種雙通配置時，就我們所知，從未考慮過額外的非線性相互作用。在本文提出的研究中，我們研究了折疊的NOLM，以提高其穩(wěn)定性。對折疊回路中發(fā)生的非線性效應的更好理解將為使用峰值和平均功率幅度相似的信號的任何折疊式NOLM應用帶來后果。為了成為我們工作的重點，我們選擇探索在使用CI調制方案的光放大波分復用（WDM）通信系統(tǒng)中使用折疊式NOLM進行增益均衡的概念。利用此應用程序作為開發(fā)折疊NOLM的動力，我們首次觀察到兩個非線性效應：（1）電致伸縮誘導的聲波布里淵散射（GAWBS）； （2）相位匹配的簡并四波混合過程，該過程破壞了折疊的NOLM的所需非線性作用。此外，我們開發(fā)了折疊NOLM中的三階非線性相互作用模型，該模型可預測（2）的影響。利用此模型提供的見解，我們能夠通過在一個臂上添加相位調制器，從而打破折疊環(huán)中的相位匹配條件，來設計和演示一種不會受到這種影響的折疊式NOLM。經過上述修改后，我們能夠演示一種折疊式NOLM，它提供了與功率有關的傳遞函數，當它們變得太強時，可以選擇性地衰減WDM通道，從而實現自動增益均衡。擬議的系統(tǒng)不需要任何反饋，并且可以針對系統(tǒng)更改自動進行調整。

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  • 作者

    Block, Ueyn L.;

  • 作者單位

    Stanford University.;

  • 授予單位 Stanford University.;
  • 學科 Engineering Electronics and Electrical.; Physics Optics.
  • 學位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 頁碼 125 p.
  • 總頁數 125
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類 無線電電子學、電信技術;光學;
  • 關鍵詞

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