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首頁> 外文學(xué)位 >Fate of estrogenic activity and specific endocrine disrupting contaminants (4-nonylphenol and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) during wastewater treatment and effluent polishing operations.
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Fate of estrogenic activity and specific endocrine disrupting contaminants (4-nonylphenol and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) during wastewater treatment and effluent polishing operations.

機譯：在廢水處理和廢水凈化操作過程中，雌激素活性和特定內(nèi)分泌干擾污染物（4-壬基苯酚和多溴聯(lián)苯醚）的命運。

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摘要

During the past decade, estrogenic contaminants and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) received more and more attention due to their adverse effects as endocrine disruptors. There is a need to examine fate of these contaminants during wastewater treatment and effluent polishing process, as well as during the land application of biosolids as soil amendments, within the context of potable water reuse and sludge application, which have all been widely practiced.;Two major research goals guided this research. The first goal was to develop experimental protocols measuring estrogenic activity (including nonylphenol) and PBDEs in environmental samples, especially in organic rich solid samples such as sludges, sediments and soils which are impacted by wastewater and/or application of biosolids. The second objective was to evaluate fate of estrogenic activity and PBDEs during conventional wastewater treatment, effluent polishing, and sludge handling processes including digestion, dewatering, composting, and land application of biosolids by using the protocols developed.;The protocol developed to measure estrogenic activity or PBDEs in the solids includes extraction, cleanup, and determination steps. Each step is critical for the successful determination; however cleanup step was the most difficult. In this study, a C18 resin was used as the media to remove the bulk organic interferences in the measurement of estrogenic activity and nonylphenol. In comparison, Florisil was used in the cleanup step for PBDE analysis. In the development of each protocol, mobile phase was carefully selected and optimum cleanup strategy was determined, recovery of analytes during cleanup operation was measured. During the development of method measuring the estrogenic activity, effects of extraction variables such as solvent, pressure, and time were investigated. The performance of each protocol was examined by spike and recovery experiments.;Experiments indicated that estrogenic activity and nonylphenol were largely removed during traditional wastewater treatment, soil aquifer treatment, and surface transport along a wastewater dependent stream. Examination of estrogenic activity and nonylphenol in sludge, sediments in contact with wastewater and mass balance analysis of these estrogenic contaminants in traditional wastewater treatment plants and infiltration basins indicated that both adsorption and biodegradation play important roles. In comparison, estrogenic activity and nonylphenol were persistent during anaerobic sludge digestion. More experiments are warranted to understand fate of PBDEs during sludge digestion process, although limited data show possible degradation.
機譯：在過去的十年中，雌激素污染物和多溴聯(lián)苯醚（PBDEs）由于其作為內(nèi)分泌干擾物的不利影響而受到越來越多的關(guān)注。在飲用水回用和污泥施用的背景下，有必要在廢水處理和廢水精制過程中，以及在土地使用生物固形物作為土壤改良劑的過程中，檢查這些污染物的歸宿，這些都已廣泛使用。兩個主要的研究目標(biāo)指導(dǎo)了這項研究。第一個目標(biāo)是開發(fā)一種實驗規(guī)程，用于測量環(huán)境樣品中的雌激素活性（包括壬基酚）和多溴二苯醚，尤其是在富含有機固體的樣品中，例如受廢水和/或生物固體影響的污泥，沉積物和土壤中。第二個目標(biāo)是通過使用開發(fā)的協(xié)議來評估常規(guī)廢水處理，廢水凈化和污泥處理過程（包括消化，脫水，堆肥和生物固體的土地施用）中的雌激素活性和多溴二苯醚的命運。固體中的多溴二苯醚或多溴二苯醚包括萃取，凈化和確定步驟。每個步驟對于成功確定至關(guān)重要。但是清理步驟是最困難的。在這項研究中，使用C18樹脂作為介質(zhì)來消除雌激素活性和壬基酚的測量中的大量有機干擾物。相比之下，將Florisil用于PBDE分析的凈化步驟。在每種方案的開發(fā)中，都仔細選擇了流動相并確定了最佳凈化策略，并測量了凈化操作過程中分析物的回收率。在開發(fā)測量雌激素活性的方法的過程中，研究了萃取變量如溶劑，壓力和時間的影響。通過加標(biāo)和回收實驗檢驗了每種方案的性能。實驗表明，在傳統(tǒng)的廢水處理，土壤含水層處理以及沿廢水依賴性流的表面運輸過程中，雌激素活性和壬基酚被大量去除。對污泥，與廢水接觸的沉積物中的雌激素活性和壬基酚的檢測以及傳統(tǒng)廢水處理廠和滲透池中這些雌激素污染物的質(zhì)量平衡分析表明，吸附和生物降解都起著重要作用。相比之下，厭氧污泥消化過程中雌激素活性和壬基酚持續(xù)存在。盡管有有限的數(shù)據(jù)表明可能降解，但仍需要進行更多的實驗來了解污泥消化過程中多溴二苯醚的命運。

著錄項

  • 作者

    Zhang, Jianmin.;

  • 作者單位

    The University of Arizona.;

  • 授予單位 The University of Arizona.;
  • 學(xué)科 Engineering Environmental.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 頁碼 173 p.
  • 總頁數(shù) 173
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類 環(huán)境污染及其防治;
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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