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首頁> 外文學位 >Pore-scale petrophysical models for the simulation and combined interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance and wide-band electromagnetic measurements of saturated rocks.
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Pore-scale petrophysical models for the simulation and combined interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance and wide-band electromagnetic measurements of saturated rocks.

機譯：孔隙度巖石物理模型，用于模擬和組合解釋核磁共振和飽和巖石的寬帶電磁測量。

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摘要

The interpretation of well logs in terms of hydraulic permeability, irreducible and free fluid saturations, hydrocarbon grades, and wettability is currently approached with oversimplified models of electrical resistivity and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Inconsistent interpretations arise in the presence of clay, complex rock morphologies, and mixed wettabilities. Wide-band electromagnetic (WBEM) measurements in the kHz-GHz range are sensitive to all these petrophysical attributes but cannot be interpreted in an independent fashion. New interpretation methods are necessary that can effectively combine the resolving capabilities of NMR and WBEM measurements performed under complex petrophysical conditions. This dissertation develops numerical models to simulate NMR and WBEM measurements in saturated rocks using explicit pore-scale spatial distributions of grains and saturating fluids. The purpose of such models is three-fold: (1) to describe the fundamental properties of NMR and electromagnetic measurements using pore-scale physics; (2) to benchmark the accuracy and reliability of standard macroscopic models used for the interpretation of NMR and WBEM measurements; and (3) to show the complementary nature of NMR and WBEM measurements for the petrophysical evaluation of complex petrophysical conditions.;Two geometrical models are developed to simulate electrical conductivity, NMR, and WBEM measurements in saturated rocks. The first model consists of continuous 3-dimensional dense packs of grains. Immiscible fluids are distributed in the ensuing pore-space with adherence to capillary and saturation history. Random walkers diffusing throughout these pore geometries accurately reproduce DC conductivity and NMR magnetization decay as functions of porosity, rock morphology, saturation history, fluid types, wettability, rock surface relaxation, and NMR pulse sequences. The second model is constructed with 2-dimensional digital pore maps, where pixels are assigned contrasting electrical properties for grain, clay and fluids. KHz-GHz dispersions of effective conductivity and dielectric permittivity are computed for each pore map. These wide-band dispersions exhibit measurable sensitivity to brine salinity, grain/pore eccentricity, fluid saturation, and wettability.;The 3D model accurately reproduces resistivity index hystereses in mixed-oil-wet rocks and incorporates the combined effects of saturation history, microporosity and clay-exchange cations on rock conductivity. In the case of NMR measurements, unaccounted saturation history leads to erroneous petrophysical interpretations in addition to known adverse effects due to grain morphology and paramagnetic clays. Rock morphologies and fluid configurations where NMR measurements do not lend themselves to accurate petrophysical interpretation are shown to exhibit characteristic dielectric dispersions. This result suggests a practical procedure to quantitatively integrate both NMR and WBEM techniques to improve the assessment of permeability, wettability, and fluid content.
機譯：目前，通過過度簡化的電阻率和核磁共振（NMR）模型來對水力滲透率，不可減少和自由流體飽和度，烴類和潤濕性進行測井解釋。在存在粘土，復雜的巖石形態(tài)和混合的潤濕性的情況下，會出現(xiàn)不一致的解釋。 kHz-GHz范圍內的寬帶電磁（WBEM）測量對所有這些巖石物理屬性敏感，但不能以獨立的方式解釋。需要新的解釋方法，這些方法可以有效地結合在復雜的巖石物理條件下進行的NMR和WBEM測量的分辨能力。本文利用顆粒和飽和流體的顯式孔隙尺度空間分布，建立了數(shù)值模型來模擬飽和巖石中的NMR和WBEM測量。這種模型的目的有三方面：（1）描述使用孔尺度物理學的NMR和電磁測量的基本特性； （2）基準用于解釋NMR和WBEM測量的標準宏觀模型的準確性和可靠性； （3）展示了NMR和WBEM測量在復雜巖石物理條件的巖石物理評估中的互補性。開發(fā)了兩個幾何模型來模擬飽和巖石中的電導率，NMR和WBEM測量。第一個模型由連續(xù)的3維密實谷物包組成。不混溶的流體在隨后的孔隙空間中分布，并遵守毛細管和飽和歷史。隨機游走器在這些孔的幾何形狀中擴散，可以精確地再現(xiàn)直流電導率和NMR磁化強度衰減，這些函數(shù)是孔隙率，巖石形態(tài)，飽和歷史，流體類型，潤濕性，巖石表面弛豫和NMR脈沖序列的函數(shù)。第二個模型是使用二維數(shù)字孔隙圖構建的，其中為像素，谷物，黏土和流體分配了對比鮮明的電特性。為每個孔圖計算有效電導率和介電常數(shù)的KHz-GHz色散。這些寬帶分散體對鹽水鹽度，顆粒/孔隙偏心率，流體飽和度和潤濕性表現(xiàn)出可測量的敏感性; 3D模型可準確再現(xiàn)混合油濕巖石中的電阻率指數(shù)滯后，并結合了飽和歷史，微孔率和粘土交換陽離子對巖石電導率的影響在NMR測量的情況下，由于晶粒形貌和順磁性粘土，已知的不利影響以及未知的飽和歷史都將導致錯誤的巖石物理解釋。巖石形態(tài)和流體構造（其中NMR測量不適合進行準確的巖石物理解釋）顯示具有特征性的介電彌散。該結果表明了一種實用的方法，可以定量整合NMR和WBEM技術，以改善對滲透率，潤濕性和流體含量的評估。

著錄項

  • 作者

    Toumelin, Emmanuel.;

  • 作者單位

    The University of Texas at Austin.;

  • 授予單位 The University of Texas at Austin.;
  • 學科 Engineering Petroleum.;Energy.
  • 學位 D.Eng.
  • 年度 2006
  • 頁碼 299 p.
  • 總頁數(shù) 299
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關鍵詞

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