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首頁> 外文學(xué)位 >The emergence of community radio in the United States: A historical examination of the National Federation of Community Broadcasters, 1970 to 1990.
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The emergence of community radio in the United States: A historical examination of the National Federation of Community Broadcasters, 1970 to 1990.

機(jī)譯：美國社區(qū)廣播的出現(xiàn)：1970年至1990年全國社區(qū)廣播組織聯(lián)合會(huì)的歷史考察。

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The National Federation of Community Broadcasters is the oldest and largest organization of community-oriented, nonprofit radio stations in the United States. Nevertheless, only a handful of scholars have considered the NFCB and its place in the history of mass media in the U.S. In the years leading up to and following the establishment of the NFCB in 1975, the public policy environment that guided the activities noncommercial radio, and all of American mass media, changed dramatically. This study provides a historical account of the NFCB during these formative years, and examines the political, economic, and social forces that propelled the organization during this period. The study examines the conflicts of idealism and realism, intention and action that shaped the NFCB in its first years, and delineates the relationship of the NFCB to the political economy of mass communications media in the U.S. The study explores the role of dissent in the prevailing political economy of communication, and demonstrates how issues of power unfolded in one sector of American broadcasting. The study relies on qualitative and historical methods, employing a combination of document analysis and in-depth interviews to gain a broad understanding of the origins and evolution of the NFCB. The study demonstrates the decisive power and control over the political economy of public broadcasting in the United States held by the U.S. Congress, and the efficacy of the open marketplace for public radio programming envisioned by the founders of the NFCB. The study addresses one of the significant historical controversies in American community radio, finding that contemporary Low Power FM radio services have benefited from the policies advocated by the NFCB in the 1980s. The study concludes that community broadcasters provided the talents, knowledge, skills, and abilities to push public radio in new directions, to become more open to change and more responsive to listeners. In the process, the National Federation of Community Broadcasters moved from the margins to the mainstream of public radio policymaking in the United States.
機(jī)譯：全國社區(qū)廣播組織聯(lián)合會(huì)是美國歷史最悠久，規(guī)模最大的面向社區(qū)的非營利性廣播電臺(tái)的組織。不過，只有少數(shù)學(xué)者考慮了NFCB及其在美國大眾媒體歷史中的地位。在1975年NFCB成立之前和之后的幾年中，指導(dǎo)非商業(yè)廣播活動(dòng)的公共政策環(huán)境，美國的所有大眾媒體都發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。這項(xiàng)研究為NFCB的發(fā)展提供了歷史記錄，并研究了在此期間推動(dòng)該組織發(fā)展的政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)力量。該研究考察了NFCB在成立之初形成的理想主義和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，意圖和行動(dòng)之間的沖突，并描繪了NFCB與美國大眾傳播媒體的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)之間的關(guān)系。該研究探討了異議人士在當(dāng)前流行中的作用。傳播的政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，并展示了權(quán)力問題在美國廣播的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域如何發(fā)展。這項(xiàng)研究依靠定性和歷史方法，結(jié)合文件分析和深度訪談來獲得對(duì)NFCB起源和演變的廣泛了解。這項(xiàng)研究證明了美國國會(huì)對(duì)美國公共廣播政治經(jīng)濟(jì)的決定性力量和控制力，以及NFCB創(chuàng)始人設(shè)想的公共廣播節(jié)目開放市場的功效。該研究解決了美國社區(qū)廣播中的重大歷史爭議之一，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)代低功率FM廣播服務(wù)受益于1980年代NFCB提倡的政策。該研究得出的結(jié)論是，社區(qū)廣播公司提供了才能，知識(shí)，技能和能力，可以將公共廣播推向新的方向，使其對(duì)變化更加開放，并對(duì)聽眾更加敏感。在此過程中，全國社區(qū)廣播組織聯(lián)合會(huì)從邊緣地區(qū)發(fā)展成為美國公共廣播政策制定的主流。

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