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Aerobic degradation of polynitro explosives by Rhodococcus opacus JW01 and JW02.

機(jī)譯：不透明紅球菌JW01和JW02有氧降解多硝基炸藥。

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摘要

This research details the identification and degradation characteristics of bacteria that can utilize recalcitrant and environmentally ubiquitous explosives. The objectives of the research were (1) examine the potential for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) mineralization by bacteria isolated from TNP contaminated soil, (2) develop a bioreactor for degradation of TNP and (3) examine the ability of these TNP degraders to utilize other explosives.; Two TNP-degrading Rhodococcus opacus strains, JW01 and JW02, were isolated from Mare Island Naval Shipyard soil, Vallejo, CA, contaminated with TNP. After isolation and identification of the strains, growth and TNP degradation characteristics of the isolates were examined in batch culture studies. The bacteria were found to utilize TNP as the sole carbon and nitrogen source in the concentration range 0.5 to 1100 mg/l. Mineralization of TNP was proven with the production of 14CO2 from 14C-TNP [ring-UL]. The R. opacus strain JW01 was found to have a yield coefficient of 0.16 g cells-N/g TNP-N. The Edwards model provided the best fit to the data and the inhibited growth parameters mu max, KS, and KI were 0.58 h-1, 25 mg/l and 112 mg/l, respectively.; A sequencing batch reactor was designed for TNP degradation and seeded with R. opacus JW01, but was not kept sterile during the experiments. The TNP removal efficiency was 99.9% resulting in an effluent TNP concentration consistently below the 57 mug/l drinking water standard. Monod growth and degradation parameters were obtained by a least squares fit to the experimental data. Values of mumax and Ks were estimated to be 0.134, 0.68; 0.079, 1.11; and 0.044, 1.24 (units d -1, mg/l) for 25, 15 and 10°C cycles respectively.; The ability of the isolates to degrade other explosives alone and in the presence of TNP was examined using batch reactor studies. It was found that the TNP-degraders could degrade 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) as the sole carbon and nitrogen source up to 100 mg/l and utilize TNB up to 12 mg/l when TNB was the sole nitrogen source available. Additionally, the results show that the isolates are able to cometabolize 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, RDX, 4-nitrophenol, and 2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluene to some extent.
機(jī)譯：這項(xiàng)研究詳細(xì)介紹了可以利用頑固和環(huán)境無(wú)處不在的炸藥的細(xì)菌的鑒定和降解特性。該研究的目的是（1）研究從受TNP污染的土壤中分離出的細(xì)菌使2,4,6-三硝基苯酚（TNP）礦化的可能性；（2）開發(fā)生物降解TNP的反應(yīng)器；（3）研究其降解能力。這些TNP降解劑可利用其他炸藥。從加利福尼亞州瓦爾萊霍的馬雷島海軍造船廠土壤中分離出兩種被TNP污染的降解TNP的不透明紅球菌菌株JW01和JW02。分離并鑒定菌株后，在分批培養(yǎng)研究中檢查了分離株的生長(zhǎng)和TNP降解特性。發(fā)現(xiàn)細(xì)菌利用TNP作為唯一的碳源和氮源，濃度范圍為0.5至1100 mg / l。從14C-TNP [ring-UL]產(chǎn)生14CO2證明了TNP的礦化作用。發(fā)現(xiàn)不透明芽孢桿菌菌株JW01的產(chǎn)量系數(shù)為0.16g細(xì)胞-N / g TNP-N。 Edwards模型最適合該數(shù)據(jù)，抑制的生長(zhǎng)參數(shù)mu max，KS和KI分別為0.58 h-1、25 mg / l和112 mg / l。設(shè)計(jì)了用于TNP降解的測(cè)序批處理反應(yīng)器，并接種了不透明芽孢桿菌JW01，但在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中并未保持無(wú)菌狀態(tài)。 TNP去除效率為99.9％，導(dǎo)致廢水中TNP濃度始終低于57杯/升飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。通過與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的最小二乘擬合獲得單體生長(zhǎng)和降解參數(shù)。 mumax和Ks的值估計(jì)為0.134、0.68； 0.079，1.11;在25、15和10°C循環(huán)中分別為0.044、1.24（單位d -1，mg / l）。使用間歇反應(yīng)器研究檢查了分離物單獨(dú)降解其他炸藥的能力，以及在存在TNP的情況下。已發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)TNB是唯一可用的氮源時(shí)，TNP降解劑可降解2,4-二硝基苯酚（DNP）作為唯一的碳和氮源，最高可達(dá)100 mg / l，并??利用高達(dá)12 mg / l的TNB。另外，結(jié)果表明分離物能夠在一定程度上代謝2,4,6-三硝基甲苯，RDX，4-硝基苯酚和2,4-和2,6-二硝基甲苯。

著錄項(xiàng)

  • 作者

    Weidhaas, Jennifer Lee.;

  • 作者單位

    University of California, Davis.;

  • 授予單位 University of California, Davis.;
  • 學(xué)科 Engineering Environmental.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 頁(yè)碼 142 p.
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù) 142
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類 環(huán)境污染及其防治;
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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