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Culture and military effectiveness: How societal traits influence battle outcomes.

機(jī)譯：文化和軍事效力：社會(huì)特征如何影響戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)果。

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What must states do to ensure victory on the field of battle? Conventional scholarship claims that a number of material and institutional factors significantly affect a nation's ability to generate military power. Recent studies suggest that other factors, including levels of education, civil-military relations, and western culture also play an important role. This new line of logic is important because these factors tend to be glaringly absent from rigorous concepts of military power. The principle finding of this study is that culture matters and that it matters more than originally thought. Culture is admittedly complex, intangible, and difficult to count, but empirical evidence shows that culture manifests concrete effects in combat, at times determining battlefield outcomes. Culture's absence from meaningful definitions of military power results in world leaders, military commanders, and learned scholars making important political, operational, and theoretical decisions with only partial information. Put plainly, decision-makers cannot accurately assess the martial capabilities of themselves or others without accounting for culture. Consequently, national leaders likely perceive threats where none exists; ignore threats that truly matter; place great trust in incapable allies, and turn away competent help. Moreover, this ignorance of what truly matters in combat means that much of a state's potential military capability remains untapped and left to happenstance.
機(jī)譯：國(guó)家必須做些什么來(lái)確保在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上取得勝利？傳統(tǒng)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金主張，許多物質(zhì)和體制因素會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響一個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)生軍事力量的能力。最近的研究表明，其他因素，包括受教育程度，軍民關(guān)系和西方文化，也起著重要作用。這種新的邏輯思路很重要，因?yàn)閲?yán)格的軍事權(quán)力概念往往不存在這些因素。這項(xiàng)研究的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)是文化很重要，它比最初的想法更重要。人們公認(rèn)文化是復(fù)雜的，無(wú)形的且難以計(jì)數(shù)的，但是經(jīng)驗(yàn)證據(jù)表明，文化在戰(zhàn)斗中表現(xiàn)出具體的影響，有時(shí)會(huì)決定戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)的結(jié)果。文化缺乏對(duì)軍事力量的有意義的定義，導(dǎo)致世界領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，軍事指揮官和學(xué)識(shí)淵博的學(xué)者僅通過(guò)部分信息就可以做出重要的政治，作戰(zhàn)和理論決策。簡(jiǎn)而言之，如果不考慮文化因素，決策者就無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確評(píng)估自己或他人的軍事能力。因此，各國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人很可能察覺(jué)到威脅不存在的威脅；忽略真正重要的威脅；對(duì)無(wú)能的盟友表示高度信任，并放棄有效的幫助。此外，對(duì)戰(zhàn)斗中真正重要內(nèi)容的無(wú)知意味著一個(gè)國(guó)家的許多潛在軍事能力仍未得到開(kāi)發(fā)，只是偶然而已。

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  • 作者

    Fowler, Eric S.;

  • 作者單位

    Old Dominion University.;

  • 授予單位 Old Dominion University.;
  • 學(xué)科 International relations.;Cultural anthropology.;Military studies.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2016
  • 頁(yè)碼 263 p.
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù) 263
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類 古生物學(xué);
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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