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首頁> 外文學(xué)位 >An integrated modeling study of ocean circulation, the ocean carbon cycle, marine ecosystems, and climate change.
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An integrated modeling study of ocean circulation, the ocean carbon cycle, marine ecosystems, and climate change.

機(jī)譯：海洋環(huán)流，海洋碳循環(huán)，海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和氣候變化的綜合建模研究。

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The unifying theme of this study is to conduct an extensive exploration of various interactions between ocean circulation, the carbon cycle, marine ecosystems, and climate change using an earth system model of intermediate complexity, ISAM-2.5D (Integrated Science Assessment Model). First, through the simulation of radiocarbon (in terms of Delta14C) it is demonstrated that the inclusion of isopycnal diffusion and a parameterization of eddy-induced circulation in the ISAM-2.5D model yields the most realistic representation of ocean mixing and circulation. Secondly, I demonstrate the value of the simulation of multiple tracers, combined with a variety of observational data, in constraining the ISAM-2.5D model that has been constrained by the simulation of Delta14C. Through the simulation of ocean biogeochemical cycles and CFC-11 and the use of the updated observational data of bomb radiocarbon, I improve the Delta14C-constrained ISAM-2.5D model's performance in simulating ocean circulation and air-sea gas exchange, as well as its credibility in predicting oceanic carbon uptake. Third, I use the ISAM-2.5D model to assess the efficiency of direct carbon injection into the deep ocean with the influence of climate change. It is shown that the consideration of climate change enhances the retention time of injected carbon into the Atlantic Ocean as a result of weakened North Atlantic overturning circulation in a warming climate. However, the climatic effect is insignificant on the efficiency of carbon injection into the Pacific and Indian Oceans. Finally, I quantify that increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations would be mainly responsible for future ocean acidification, including lowering in ocean pH and sea water saturation state with respect to carbonate minerals. The consideration of climate change produces a second-order modification to projected ocean acidification. Therefore, in addition to its radiative effects on climate change, increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations could pose a great threat to marine ecosystems through ocean acidification, which is largely independent of the magnitude of climate change. Overall, this study yields a number of valuable insights into different aspects of the coupled ocean circulation-marine ecosystems-carbon cycle system and contributes to advance our understanding of the ocean carbon cycle and marine chemistry in an environment of changing climate.
機(jī)譯：這項(xiàng)研究的統(tǒng)一主題是使用中等復(fù)雜性的地球系統(tǒng)模型ISAM-2.5D（綜合科學(xué)評估模型）對海洋循環(huán)，碳循環(huán)，海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和氣候變化之間的各種相互作用進(jìn)行廣泛的探索。首先，通過對放射性碳的模擬（以Delta14C表示），表明在ISAM-2.5D模型中包含等滲擴(kuò)散和渦流誘發(fā)環(huán)流的參數(shù)化可以最真實(shí)地表示海洋的混合和環(huán)流。其次，我展示了在結(jié)合受Delta14C模擬約束的ISAM-2.5D模型時，結(jié)合多種示蹤劑進(jìn)行模擬的價值。通過模擬海洋生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)和CFC-11，以及使用炸彈放射性碳的最新觀測數(shù)據(jù)，我改善了Delta14C約束的ISAM-2.5D模型在模擬海洋環(huán)流和空氣-海氣交換方面的性能，以及預(yù)測海洋碳吸收的可信度。第三，我使用ISAM-2.5D模型來評估在氣候變化的影響下將碳直接注入深海的效率。結(jié)果表明，氣候變暖的考慮增加了注入的碳到大西洋的滯留時間，這是由于北大西洋在氣候變暖中翻轉(zhuǎn)環(huán)流減弱的結(jié)果。但是，氣候影響對向太平洋和印度洋注入碳的效率影響不大。最后，我量化了大氣中二氧化碳濃度的增加將主要導(dǎo)致未來海洋酸化，包括相對于碳酸鹽礦物而言，海洋pH值和海水飽和度降低。氣候變化的考慮對預(yù)計(jì)的海洋酸化產(chǎn)生了二次修正。因此，除了其對氣候變化的輻射影響外，大氣中二氧化碳濃度的增加還可能通過海洋酸化對海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成巨大威脅，而海洋酸化在很大程度上與氣候變化的幅度無關(guān)。總的來說，這項(xiàng)研究對耦合的海洋環(huán)流-海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)-碳循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的不同方面產(chǎn)生了許多有價值的見解，并有助于增進(jìn)我們對氣候變化環(huán)境中海洋碳循環(huán)和海洋化學(xué)的理解。

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