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首頁> 外文學(xué)位 >Assessing the potential for mangrove oyster aquaculture in an estuarine system of the southeastern coast of Brazil: A geographic information system approach.
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Assessing the potential for mangrove oyster aquaculture in an estuarine system of the southeastern coast of Brazil: A geographic information system approach.

機譯：在巴西東南沿海的河口系統(tǒng)中評估紅樹林牡蠣養(yǎng)殖的潛力：一種地理信息系統(tǒng)方法。

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Coastal aquaculture is among the fastest growing sectors of the food producing industry. Bivalve farming is a promising activity in low income countries were mollusk could be cultured under low technology and budget, contributing to reduce poverty and assuring food security. Site selection has been considered as a key process in successful aquaculture developments. A suitability model for mangrove oyster farming in the Piraque-acu/Piraque-mirim estuarine system---PAPMES (Espirito Santo, Brazil) was developed. The suitability model is based on Multi-criteria Evaluation (MCE) which consists of selecting criteria, define their acceptable and optimum ranges, assign their weights of relative importance, and combine suitability criteria under a decision rule. A georeferenced database was created with 8 water quality variables considered related to the habitat requirements of mangrove oyster, with 19 field sampling campaigns on 6 samplings sites embracing an area of 511ha. Low salinity and dissolved oxygen levels were detected in the upper estuarine sections. Using the geographic information system (GIS) Idrisi32, point data were converted to continuous surface models using second-order polynomial fit. The normalization process aimed at standardizing the set criteria considering a single scale ranging from low (i.e., 0) to high suitability (i.e., 255). Through pairwise comparison technique weights were assigned to each criteria. Salinity and dissolved oxygen were considered the most important criteria because of their relationship to oyster short-term survival. A weighted linear combination and two constraints (i.e., fecal coliform >43 MPN/100mL and navigation channel) were applied as the MCE decision rule. An area of 75ha (14.6% of the PAPMES) was considered constrained for mangrove oyster farming. Two suitability models were performed using average and low salinity values. Suitability maps developed onto the 0--255 range were reclassified in 4 categories: unsuitable, moderately suitable, suitable , and very suitable. In both models, no area was indicated as unsuitable. Although the low salinity model could be considered more restrictive, it yielded a very suitable area 26% larger than the average salinity model. The combination of the two models could bring together risk taking and risk-averse perspectives, respectively. The output of such combination is a map locating 80ha of very suitable areas for mangrove oyster farming, with 9.5ha preferentially designated for intertidal farming using racks. Aquaculture zones are discussed in terms of their interactions with other systems at higher spatial scales, such as the watershed and the coastal zone. GIS can serve as an integrative environment to integrate complex variables in multiple scales. It is only through its integration in multisectoral development plans and programs for the watershed and coastal zone realms that coastal aquaculture will be recognized as sustainable enterprise.
機譯：沿海水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖是食品生產(chǎn)行業(yè)中增長最快的行業(yè)之一。雙殼類農(nóng)業(yè)在低收入國家是一項有前途的活動，因為可以在低技術(shù)和低預(yù)算的情況下養(yǎng)殖軟體動物，從而有助于減少貧困和確保糧食安全。選址被認為是成功的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵過程。開發(fā)了在比拉克-acu /比拉克-mirim河口系統(tǒng)-PAPMES（巴西圣埃斯皮里圖）中進行紅樹林牡蠣養(yǎng)殖的適宜性模型。適用性模型基于多標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評估（MCE），該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)包括選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，定義其可接受的范圍和最佳范圍，分配其相對重要性的權(quán)重以及在決策規(guī)則下組合適用性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。建立了一個地理參考數(shù)據(jù)庫，其中考慮了與紅樹林牡蠣的棲息地需求有關(guān)的8個水質(zhì)變量，在6個采樣點（面積511公頃）上進行了19次野外采樣活動。在河口上段鹽度和溶解氧含量低。使用地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）Idrisi32，使用二階多項式擬合將點數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換為連續(xù)曲面模型。規(guī)范化過程旨在考慮從低（即0）到高適用性（即255）的單個標(biāo)度來對設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。通過成對比較技術(shù)，將權(quán)重分配給每個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。鹽度和溶解氧被認為是最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因為它們與牡蠣的短期生存有關(guān)。加權(quán)線性組合和兩個約束條件（即大腸菌群> 43 MPN / 100mL和導(dǎo)航通道）被用作MCE決策規(guī)則。面積限制為75公頃（占PAPMES的14.6％），限制了紅樹林牡蠣的養(yǎng)殖。使用平均鹽度值和低鹽度值進行了兩個適用性模型。在0--255范圍內(nèi)開發(fā)的適應(yīng)性圖被重新分類為4類：不適合，中等適合，適合和非常適合。在這兩個模型中，沒有區(qū)域表示不適合。盡管低鹽度模型可能被認為更具限制性，但它產(chǎn)生的區(qū)域非常合適，比平均鹽度模型大26％。兩種模型的結(jié)合可以分別將風(fēng)險承擔(dān)和規(guī)避風(fēng)險的觀點結(jié)合在一起。這種組合的輸出是一個地圖，該地圖定位了80公頃非常適合紅樹林牡蠣養(yǎng)殖的區(qū)域，其中9.5公頃優(yōu)先指定用于使用架子的潮間帶養(yǎng)殖。就水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖區(qū)與其他系統(tǒng)在較高空間尺度上的相互作用（如集水區(qū)和沿海區(qū)）進行了討論。 GIS可以作為一個集成環(huán)境，以多種規(guī)模集成復(fù)雜變量。只有將其納入分水嶺和沿海地區(qū)領(lǐng)域的多部門發(fā)展計劃和方案中，沿海水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖才能被視為可持續(xù)企業(yè)。

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