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The Provision of Ecosystem Services on Working Landscapes: A Calibrated Optimization Approach.

機(jī)譯：在工作景觀上提供生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)：一種經(jīng)過校準(zhǔn)的優(yōu)化方法。

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This dissertation examines how to improve the tradeoffs between the production of market and non-market ecosystem services on working landscapes in the context of market failures and institutional inefficiencies. These landscapes, which include agricultural land and managed forests, produce both market goods and ecosystem services for which markets generally do not exist, such as biodiversity conservation, clean air and water, and aesthetic amenities.;Chapter 2 analyzes the tradeoffs between the production of crops and habitat for juvenile salmon, through flood events, on the Yolo Bypass floodplain. In addition, I investigate the role of natural resource management institutions on the returns to ecosystem services. To understand how habitat provision affects the economic surplus of the farmers and fishers, I develop a bioeconomic model of the Yolo Bypass agriculture, salmon population, and California ocean fishery. The results reveal large total producer surplus gains from improving habitat management and the natural resource management institution. In contrast with previous studies on open access resources, I find greater gains arise from improving habitat management than improving the fishery institution. These findings have important policy implications because many fisheries are already regulated.;Chapter 3 focuses on the tradeoffs between the production of crops and climate regulation services in California, and investigates the role of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) offset payment design on abatement efficiency. I develop a disaggregated positive mathematical programming (PMP) model of California's agriculture calibrated to both economic and agronomic information. Using a biophysical model, I estimate regional yield and GHG responses to production practices for the three principal agricultural GHGs. The model allows simultaneous and continuous changes in water, nitrogen fertilizer, and tillage intensities. Results show that second-best policies that rely on regionally aggregated emission factors lead to small abatement efficiency losses relative to the first-best policy with fine-scale emission factors. Because the costs of such second-best policies are substantially lower, the findings suggest these policies would be cost-effective in California. In contrast, second-best policies targeting a single GHG or input use, such as nitrogen fertilizer or water, entail significant abatement efficiency losses.;Chapter 4 presents theoretical methodologies for improving the calibration of PMP models of agricultural supply. These models can be easily coupled with biophysical models for analyzing the tradeoffs between market and non-market ecosystem services. First, the essay extends previous results regarding calibration of land-constrained programming models of agricultural supply against supply elasticities to the general case of multiple constraints. Second, it demonstrates how the resulting calibration conditions can be used as a source of identification for regionalized crop supply elasticities. This method has value to analysts because information on acreage allocations is often available at a disaggregate level, while information on supply elasticities is not. The essay proposes an information-based disaggregation algorithm to systematically generate regionalized elasticities from a single prior, and offer an application to California's agriculture.
機(jī)譯：本文探討了在市場失靈和機(jī)構(gòu)效率低下的情況下，如何在工作環(huán)境下改善市場生產(chǎn)與非市場生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)之間的權(quán)衡。這些景觀包括農(nóng)業(yè)用地和經(jīng)管理的森林，既生產(chǎn)市場產(chǎn)品，又生產(chǎn)通常不存在市場的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)，例如生物多樣性保護(hù)，清潔的空氣和水以及審美便利。第二章分析了生產(chǎn)之間的權(quán)衡。在Yolo Bypass漫灘上通過洪水事件捕獲了幼鮭魚的作物和棲息地。此外，我研究了自然資源管理機(jī)構(gòu)在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)回報中的作用。為了了解生境的提供如何影響農(nóng)民和漁民的經(jīng)濟(jì)過剩，我開發(fā)了一種繞過Yolo農(nóng)業(yè)，鮭魚種群和加利福尼亞海洋漁業(yè)的生物經(jīng)濟(jì)模型。結(jié)果表明，通過改善棲息地管理和自然資源管理機(jī)構(gòu)，生產(chǎn)者可從中獲得大量盈余。與先前有關(guān)開放獲取資源的研究相比，我發(fā)現(xiàn)改善棲息地管理比改善漁業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)能獲得更大的收益。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)具有重要的政策意義，因為許多漁業(yè)已經(jīng)受到管制。;第3章著眼于加利福尼亞的農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)與氣候調(diào)節(jié)服務(wù)之間的權(quán)衡，并研究了農(nóng)業(yè)溫室氣體（GHG）抵消付款設(shè)計在減排效率上的作用。我開發(fā)了加利福尼亞農(nóng)業(yè)的分類正數(shù)學(xué)規(guī)劃（PMP）模型，該模型已根據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)和農(nóng)藝學(xué)信息進(jìn)行了校準(zhǔn)。使用生物物理模型，我估算了三種主要農(nóng)業(yè)溫室氣體對生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的區(qū)域產(chǎn)量和溫室氣體響應(yīng)。該模型允許同時，連續(xù)改變水，氮肥和耕作強(qiáng)度。結(jié)果表明，與具有精細(xì)排放因子的第一優(yōu)政策相比，依賴于區(qū)域匯總排放因子的第二優(yōu)政策導(dǎo)致的減排效率損失較小。由于此類次優(yōu)政策的成本要低得多，因此調(diào)查結(jié)果表明，這些政策在加利福尼亞州具有成本效益。相比之下，針對單一溫室氣體或投入使用（例如氮肥或水）的次優(yōu)政策會帶來很大的減排效率損失。第四章介紹了用于改進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)供給的PMP模型校準(zhǔn)的理論方法。這些模型可以輕松地與生物物理模型結(jié)合使用，以分析市場和非市場生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)之間的權(quán)衡。首先，本文將先前關(guān)于針對農(nóng)業(yè)供應(yīng)的土地約束規(guī)劃模型對供應(yīng)彈性的校準(zhǔn)的結(jié)果擴(kuò)展到多重約束的一般情況。其次，它演示了如何將所得的校準(zhǔn)條件用作區(qū)域農(nóng)作物供應(yīng)彈性的識別來源。該方法對分析人員有價值，因為有關(guān)種植面積分配的信息通?？梢园捶诸惣墑e獲得，而有關(guān)供應(yīng)彈性的信息則不可用。本文提出了一種基于信息的分解算法，可以從單個先驗系統(tǒng)地生成區(qū)域化彈性，并將其應(yīng)用于加利福尼亞州的農(nóng)業(yè)。

著錄項

  • 作者

    Garnache, Cloe.;

  • 作者單位

    University of California, Davis.;

  • 授予單位 University of California, Davis.;
  • 學(xué)科 Economics Environmental.;Economics Agricultural.;Natural Resource Management.;Climate Change.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 頁碼 135 p.
  • 總頁數(shù) 135
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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