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An Examination of the Impacts of Urbanization on Green Space Access and Water Resources: A Developed and Developing World Perspective.

機(jī)譯：關(guān)于城市化對(duì)綠色空間獲取和水資源的影響的研究：一個(gè)發(fā)展中的世界視角。

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This dissertation addresses the impact of urbanization and land use change on the availability and accessibility of two urban amenities that are often inequitably distributed: green space and water features. Diverse methodologies were utilized in order to gain a better understanding of the role of these amenities in improving urban quality of life and integrated water management. Using an interdisciplinary approach, this research provides a unique perspective within both a developed and developing world context by evaluating aspects of urbanization to emphasize more sustainable and integrated approaches to development.;A preliminary analysis highlights potential drivers of green space revitalization in Santa Cruz, Bolivia by identifying perceived benefits of brownfields redevelopment projects between developed and developing countries. These include environmental benefits (creation of green space, reduced health risks), economic benefits (job creation, retention of residents and businesses), and social benefits (community enhancement, improved city services). Building on this analysis, an in-depth anthropological study then examines the preferences, perceptions, and barriers to accessing green spaces in Santa Cruz. Utilizing qualitative and quantifiable research methods, it was determined that although green spaces can help ensure greater equality in urban areas by providing access to public spaces, significant gender discrepancies were noted in Santa Cruz.;Disparities in the distribution and accessibility of green space and water features were further assessed in Tampa, Florida. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and census data, access to these urban amenities was examined. The inner-city community of East Tampa was found to have greater inequalities, relative to other areas in Tampa, in terms of the quality, diversity, and size of green spaces within their community. The revitalization of urban water infrastructures, such as stormwater ponds, was evaluated as a way to address these environmental justice issues.;Lastly, impacts of urbanization, land use change, and population growth on water resources were analyzed using a regional water balance model for the city of Santa Cruz. Development scenarios were examined based on historical and future spatial and temporal changes. Between 1970 and 2010, a decreasing trend was observed for the aridity index (potential evapotranspiration over precipitation) while future climate projections (2011-2050) indicate a trend reversal, with the IPCC's emission scenario A1B having the strongest increasing trend. The increasing trend in the aridity index suggests a long-term shift in the regional hydroclimatology towards less humid conditions.;Each chapter of this research builds on the idea of green space as an indicator of urban quality of life (particularly for urban poor who rely more heavily on public spaces for leisure and recreation activities) as well as an important facilitator of urban hydrology due to their predominately permeable surfaces (including water features). Yet rapid change occurring in cities around the world has resulted in the under-valuation of both green space and water resources and thus these amenities have been degraded or destroyed through the urbanization process.
機(jī)譯：本文探討了城市化和土地利用變化對(duì)經(jīng)常分布不均的兩種城市設(shè)施的可用性和可及性的影響：綠地和水景。為了更好地了解這些便利設(shè)施在改善城市生活質(zhì)量和綜合水管理中的作用，采用了多種方法。本研究采用跨學(xué)科方法，通過(guò)評(píng)估城市化的各個(gè)方面以強(qiáng)調(diào)更可持續(xù)和綜合的發(fā)展方式，從而在發(fā)達(dá)和發(fā)展中世界背景下提供了獨(dú)特的視角。;初步分析突出了玻利維亞圣克魯斯的綠色空間振興的潛在驅(qū)動(dòng)力通過(guò)確定發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家與發(fā)展中國(guó)家之間的棕地再開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目的收益。其中包括環(huán)境效益（創(chuàng)造綠色空間，減少健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)），經(jīng)濟(jì)效益（創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，保留居民和企業(yè)）和社會(huì)效益（增強(qiáng)社區(qū)，改善城市服務(wù)）。然后，在此分析的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)行了深入的人類學(xué)研究，考察了訪問(wèn)圣克魯斯綠色空間的偏好，看法和障礙。通過(guò)使用定性和可量化的研究方法，人們確定，盡管綠色空間可以通過(guò)提供公共空間的使用來(lái)幫助確保城市地區(qū)更大程度的平等，但圣克魯斯指出了明顯的性別差異;;綠色空間和水的分布和可及性方面的差異在佛羅里達(dá)州坦帕市進(jìn)一步評(píng)估了這些功能。使用地理信息系統(tǒng)（GIS）和人口普查數(shù)據(jù)，檢查了這些城市設(shè)施的使用情況。與坦帕其他地區(qū)相比，東坦帕的市區(qū)社區(qū)在其社區(qū)內(nèi)綠地的質(zhì)量，多樣性和規(guī)模方面存在更大的不平等。評(píng)估城市水基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施（如雨水池塘）的振興是解決這些環(huán)境正義問(wèn)題的一種方法;最后，使用區(qū)域水資源平衡模型分析了城市化，土地利用變化和人口增長(zhǎng)對(duì)水資源的影響圣克魯斯市。根據(jù)歷史和未來(lái)的時(shí)空變化對(duì)發(fā)展方案進(jìn)行了審查。在1970年至2010年之間，干旱指數(shù)（降水的潛在蒸散量）呈下降趨勢(shì)，而未來(lái)的氣候預(yù)測(cè)（2011-2050年）則表明趨勢(shì)發(fā)生了逆轉(zhuǎn)，IPCC的排放情景A1B具有最強(qiáng)的增長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì)。干旱指數(shù)的增加趨勢(shì)表明該地區(qū)的水文氣候向低濕度的方向長(zhǎng)期轉(zhuǎn)變。本研究的每一章都基于綠色空間這一思想，以此作為衡量城市生活質(zhì)量的指標(biāo)（特別是對(duì)于那些依靠城市生活的貧困人口而言）。 （主要用于休閑娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)的公共空間），以及城市水文學(xué)的主要促進(jìn)者，因?yàn)樗鼈冎饕哂袧B透性（包括水特征）。然而，世界各地城市中發(fā)生的快速變化導(dǎo)致對(duì)綠色空間和水資源的低估，因此這些便利設(shè)施在城市化過(guò)程中遭到了破壞或破壞。

著錄項(xiàng)

  • 作者

    Wright Wendel, Heather E.;

  • 作者單位

    University of South Florida.;

  • 授予單位 University of South Florida.;
  • 學(xué)科 Water Resource Management.;Sustainability.;Engineering Environmental.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2011
  • 頁(yè)碼 304 p.
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù) 304
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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