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Landscape grammar (Bermuda).

機(jī)譯：景觀語(yǔ)法（百慕大）。

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The protection and enhancement of visual resources constitute an on-going challenge to the planning authorities in many communities. The crux of this challenge is to guide development towards built and natural landscape forms that will not cause detriment to an existing landscape character. To understand and cope with this problem, there is the need for a means to define and model a landscape's character, to identify methods for constructing that character definition, to create tools for storing and using such a definition to visualize its spatial manifestations, and to incorporate alternative development regulatory parameters in order to assess their impact on landscape character.; Current spatial data technologies are able to portray inventories of specific, real-world objects. While well established in the planning profession, these technologies and their attendant data manipulation tools do not easily facilitate the creation of generalized, non-specific statements that are applicable across a region. Such generalized statements regarding visual and spatial features are at the heart of descriptions of landscape character and implicit within most planning regulations intended to produce a desirable landscape character. Current spatial data tools therefore do not satisfy the stated needs of planning for landscape character.; In satisfying these conceptual, methodological and technological deficiencies, the research presented in this dissertation defines and demonstrates a theory of landscape grammar which formally draws parallels between the structures of linguistics and the character of landscapes. A landscape grammar defines a landscape character using a spatial vocabulary and syntax rules and can be applied to a site to generate landscape forms that embody the defined character. In this dissertation, the spatial counterparts of the linguistic concepts of vocabulary and grammar rules are formalized and implemented for use in a custom-developed geographic information system. Methods that enable the use of landscape grammars in a planning environment are presented and subsequently applied through the formal expression of planning regulations into the grammar-based model. The theory, methods and software implementation are demonstrated using a residential area of the island of Bermuda. The iterative grammatical generation of an example two-dimensional landscape scene is demonstrated with further three-dimensional representations of the results for visualization purposes. Alternative planning regulations are also incorporated into the case study grammar and resultant three-dimensional landscapes are shown. Several suggestions for future research on landscape grammars are offered in the conclusions of the dissertation.
機(jī)譯：視覺(jué)資源的保護(hù)和增強(qiáng)對(duì)許多社區(qū)的規(guī)劃?rùn)C(jī)構(gòu)構(gòu)成了持續(xù)的挑戰(zhàn)。這一挑戰(zhàn)的關(guān)鍵是引導(dǎo)開(kāi)發(fā)朝著不會(huì)損害現(xiàn)有景觀特征的自然景觀形式發(fā)展。為了理解和解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，需要一種方法來(lái)定義和建模景觀的角色，確定構(gòu)造該角色定義的方法，創(chuàng)建用于存儲(chǔ)和使用該定義以可視化其空間表現(xiàn)的工具，以及納入替代發(fā)展監(jiān)管參數(shù)，以評(píng)估其對(duì)景觀特征的影響。當(dāng)前的空間數(shù)據(jù)技術(shù)能夠描述特定的，現(xiàn)實(shí)世界中的對(duì)象的清單。盡管這些技術(shù)及其相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)處理工具已在規(guī)劃行業(yè)中確立了良好的地位，但它們并不容易促進(jìn)創(chuàng)建適用于整個(gè)地區(qū)的通用，非特定性陳述。這種關(guān)于視覺(jué)和空間特征的概括性陳述是景觀特征描述的核心，并且隱含在大多數(shù)旨在產(chǎn)生理想景觀特征的規(guī)劃法規(guī)中。因此，當(dāng)前的空間數(shù)據(jù)工具不能滿足景觀特征規(guī)劃的既定需求。為了滿足這些概念，方法和技術(shù)上的不足，本文提出的研究定義并論證了<斜體>景觀語(yǔ)法理論，該理論正式在語(yǔ)言學(xué)的結(jié)構(gòu)與景觀特征之間進(jìn)行了比較。景觀語(yǔ)法使用空間詞匯和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則定義景觀字符，并且可以應(yīng)用于站點(diǎn)以生成體現(xiàn)所定義字符的景觀形式。本文對(duì)詞匯和語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的語(yǔ)言概念在空間上的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系進(jìn)行了形式化和實(shí)現(xiàn)，以用于定制開(kāi)發(fā)的地理信息系統(tǒng)。提出了能夠在規(guī)劃環(huán)境中使用景觀語(yǔ)法的方法，隨后通過(guò)將規(guī)劃規(guī)則的正式表達(dá)形式應(yīng)用到基于語(yǔ)法的模型中。該理論，方法和軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)在百慕大島的一個(gè)居民區(qū)得到了證明。為了可視化目的，用結(jié)果的進(jìn)一步三維表示來(lái)演示示例二維景觀場(chǎng)景的迭代語(yǔ)法生成。案例研究語(yǔ)法中還包含了替代性的計(jì)劃法規(guī)，并顯示了由此產(chǎn)生的三維景觀。論文的結(jié)論為未來(lái)景觀語(yǔ)法研究提供了一些建議。

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