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Structural transformation and economic reform in El Salvador: Economic performance in the 1990s and its effects on growth, poverty and income distribution.

機(jī)譯：薩爾瓦多的結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)型和經(jīng)濟(jì)改革：1990年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)及其對(duì)增長(zhǎng)，貧困和收入分配的影響。

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摘要

This thesis analyses the structural changes in the Salvadoran economy over the last two decades, as a result of the war, the economic crisis of the eighties and the economic policy response to it; the inflow of external resources mainly from official grants and family remittances sent by Salvadorans living in the United States; and the adoption of economic reforms with the basic objective of installing new economic models able to substitute the agroexport economic model. While the analysis covers the 1980-1999 period, attention is focussed on the nineties as it was then that the changes in the operation of the country's economy became manifest. It was also then that one of the most important economic reforms in the country's history was adopted. Six main themes are developed in this thesis. The first is related to the long and contested search for new' economic models which has occurred in El Salvador since 1980 and its implications in terms of short-term economic management, macroeconomic behaviour and the correlation of forces between the main political internal and external actors. The second theme analysed is the collapse in the nineties of the agroexport model which had existed since the last quarter of the XIX century. The aim is to demonstrate empirically the end of this model and to determine the political, economic and social effects of this phenomenon. The third theme tackled is the new growth pattern evidenced in the nineties and its effects on labour markets, employment and wage equity. This required a detailed analysis of the mam characteristics of the economic growth during the nineties together with the changes occurring in labour markets and in the wage differentials between skilled and unskilled, male/female, economic activity' and geographical area. Further, the evolution of income distribution at national level and by geographical area is highlighted. The fourth theme analysed here has to do with the evolution and composition of poverty and its relationship with economic growth. For this a decomposition exercise was carried out looking at various categories, such as sex, economic sector, market segment, educational levels, employment category and geographical area, as well as an econometric exercise of some determinants of poverty. The fifth theme relates to the new economic model in formation. The question which we attempt to answer is whether as a result of the process of structural change and adoption of economic reform, a new economic model has already been installed (and to what degree), and who are the beneficiaries. A characterisation of the essential features of the new economic model in formation tries to answer the question. Finally the theme of future economic perspectives for El Salvador is broached, via an analysis of the main economic and social challenges together with some suggested measures to tackle them.
機(jī)譯：本文分析了由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，八十年代經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)以及對(duì)之作出的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策反應(yīng)，導(dǎo)致薩爾瓦多過(guò)去二十年來(lái)的經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)變化。外部資源的流入主要來(lái)自居住在美國(guó)的薩爾瓦多人發(fā)出的官方贈(zèng)款和家庭匯款；采取經(jīng)濟(jì)改革，其基本目標(biāo)是安裝能夠替代農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口經(jīng)濟(jì)模型的新經(jīng)濟(jì)模型。盡管分析涵蓋了1980-1999年，但注意力集中在90年代，那時(shí)該國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的變化才變得明顯。那時(shí)也是該國(guó)歷史上最重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革之一。本文提出了六個(gè)主要主題。第一個(gè)問(wèn)題涉及自1980年以來(lái)在薩爾瓦多進(jìn)行的長(zhǎng)期而有爭(zhēng)議的新經(jīng)濟(jì)模式的搜尋，及其對(duì)短期經(jīng)濟(jì)管理，宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)行為以及主要政治內(nèi)部和外部參與者之間的力量關(guān)聯(lián)性的影響。 。分析的第二個(gè)主題是自十九世紀(jì)下半葉以來(lái)一直存在的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品出口模式在90年代的崩潰。目的是憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)證明這種模式的終結(jié)，并確定這種現(xiàn)象的政治，經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)影響。解決的第三個(gè)主題是九十年代證明的新增長(zhǎng)模式及其對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，就業(yè)和工資公平的影響。這就需要詳細(xì)分析九十年代經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的主要特征，以及勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的變化以及熟練與不熟練，男女之間，經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)和地理區(qū)域之間的工資差異。此外，突出顯示了國(guó)家一級(jí)和地理區(qū)域收入分配的演變。這里分析的第四個(gè)主題與貧困的演變和構(gòu)成及其與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系有關(guān)。為此，開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)分解活動(dòng)，著眼于各種類別，例如性別，經(jīng)濟(jì)部門，市場(chǎng)細(xì)分，教育水平，就業(yè)類別和地理區(qū)域，以及對(duì)貧困的一些決定因素進(jìn)行的計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)研究。第五個(gè)主題涉及新的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式的形成。我們?cè)噲D回答的問(wèn)題是，由于結(jié)構(gòu)變化和經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的采用，是否已經(jīng)建立了新的經(jīng)濟(jì)模式（以及在何種程度上），以及誰(shuí)是受益者。對(duì)新經(jīng)濟(jì)模型形成過(guò)程中基本特征的描述試圖回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。最后，通過(guò)對(duì)主要經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)挑戰(zhàn)的分析，并提出一些應(yīng)對(duì)措施，提出了薩爾瓦多未來(lái)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景的主題。

著錄項(xiàng)

  • 作者

    Caceres, Alexander Ernesto Segovia.;

  • 作者單位

    University of London, University College London (United Kingdom).;

  • 授予單位 University of London, University College London (United Kingdom).;
  • 學(xué)科 Economic history.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2002
  • 頁(yè)碼 257 p.
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù) 257
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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