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Azo dye biodegradation and inhibition effects on aerobic nitrification and anoxic denitrification processes.

機(jī)譯：偶氮染料的生物降解和對(duì)好氧硝化和缺氧反硝化過(guò)程的抑制作用。

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The main objective of this research was to study the fate of acid orange 7(AO7), a common azo dye, under aerobic nitrifying and anoxic denitrifying conditions and its inhibitory effect on these wastewater treatment processes. With the growing understanding of the influence of nutrients on the balance of the ecosystem, nutrient removal from wastewater has become increasingly important. Biological nitrification and denitrification processes are the “key processes” when dimensioning wastewater treatment plants for nutrient removal.; Both macroscale and microscale approaches were employed in this research. At microscale, microelectrode techniques were developed and used to study concentration profiles of interest in microbial biofilms in situ. The fabrication and evaluation of a suite of microelectrodes, including ammonium, nitrate, pH, dissolved oxygen and redox potential, were described. Microelectrodes were applied to study the development of an aerobic/anoxic biofilm and the results provided new evidences on the spatial stratification of microbial activities during each stage of the biofilm development. In addition, the impact of AO7 on nitrifying and denitrifying biofilm microprofiles was also monitored using microelectrodes. The responses of microorganisms to different AO7 toxicity levels were demonstrated in situ. The microbial activities measured using microelectrodes provided key information to bridge the gap between experimental observations and mathematical models.; At macroscale, a series studies was performed to understand the fate of AO7 under aerobic nitrifying, anoxic denitrifying and anaerobic conditions in both biofilm and activated sludge systems. AO7 was found to be recalcitrant under aerobic conditions in both biofilm and activated sludge systems. The extent of AO7 removal in aerobic treatment processes was dependent on the biomass adsorption capacities. Under anaerobic conditions, AO7 was decolorized, and acclimated sludge was shown to be more efficient than unacclimated sludge. The presence of nitrate was found to inhibit AO7 decolorization under anoxic conditions.; Batch reactors and continuous flow reactors were run to investigate the impact of AO7 on microbial nitrification and denitrification processes in both biofilm and activated sludge systems. The microbial responses to toxic shock were found to be different in the two systems. Enzyme inhibition models were applied to characterize the inhibitory mechanisms of AO7 on microbial activities. The results provided improved understanding of the complexity of inhibition phenomena in biological wastewater treatment systems.
機(jī)譯：這項(xiàng)研究的主要目的是研究好氧硝化和缺氧反硝化條件下常見(jiàn)的偶氮染料酸性橙7（AO7）的命運(yùn)及其對(duì)這些廢水處理過(guò)程的抑制作用。隨著對(duì)養(yǎng)分對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡影響的認(rèn)識(shí)的日益加深，從廢水中去除養(yǎng)分變得越來(lái)越重要。在確定污水處理廠的養(yǎng)分去除規(guī)模時(shí)，生物硝化和反硝化過(guò)程是“關(guān)鍵過(guò)程”。本研究采用宏觀和微觀兩種方法。在微觀尺度上，微電極技術(shù)得到發(fā)展，并用于研究微生物生物膜原位的濃度分布。描述了一套微電極的制造和評(píng)估，包括銨，硝酸鹽，pH，溶解氧和氧化還原電勢(shì)。微電極被用于研究好氧/缺氧生物膜的發(fā)展，結(jié)果為生物膜發(fā)展的每個(gè)階段中微生物活動(dòng)的空間分層提供了新的證據(jù)。此外，還使用微電極監(jiān)測(cè)了AO7對(duì)硝化和反硝化生物膜微輪廓的影響。證明了微生物對(duì)不同AO7毒性水平的響應(yīng)就地。使用微電極測(cè)量的微生物活動(dòng)提供了關(guān)鍵信息，以彌合實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察結(jié)果與數(shù)學(xué)模型之間的差距。在宏觀上，進(jìn)行了一系列研究以了解在生物膜和活性污泥系統(tǒng)中好氧硝化，缺氧反硝化和厭氧條件下AO7的命運(yùn)。發(fā)現(xiàn)在有氧條件下，生物膜和活性污泥系統(tǒng)中的AO7都是難降解的。好氧處理過(guò)程中AO7的去除程度取決于生物質(zhì)的吸附能力。在厭氧條件下，AO7脫色，并且馴化的污泥比未馴化的污泥更有效。發(fā)現(xiàn)硝酸鹽的存在在缺氧條件下抑制了AO7的脫色。運(yùn)行間歇反應(yīng)器和連續(xù)流反應(yīng)器以研究AO7對(duì)生物膜系統(tǒng)和活性污泥系統(tǒng)中微生物硝化和反硝化過(guò)程的影響。發(fā)現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)中微生物對(duì)毒性休克的反應(yīng)不同。應(yīng)用酶抑制模型表征了AO7對(duì)微生物活性的抑制機(jī)制。結(jié)果提供了對(duì)生物廢水處理系統(tǒng)中抑制現(xiàn)象的復(fù)雜性的更好理解。

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