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Hydrodynamic effects of kinetic power extraction by in-stream tidal turbines.

機譯：流內(nèi)潮汐渦輪機提取動能的水動力效應。

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The hydrodynamic effects of extracting kinetic power from tidal streams presents unique challenges to the development of in-stream tidal power. In-stream tidal turbines superficially resemble wind turbines and extract kinetic power from the ebb and flood of strong tidal currents. Extraction increases the resistance to flow, leading to changes in tidal range, transport, mixing, and the kinetic resource itself. These far-field changes have environmental, social, and economic implications that must be understood to develop the in-stream resource. This dissertation describes the development of a one-dimensional numerical channel model and its application to the study of these effects. The model is applied to determine the roles played by site geometry, network topology, tidal regime, and device dynamics. A comparison is also made between theoretical and modeled predictions for the maximum amount of power which could be extracted from a tidal energy site. The model is extended to a simulation of kinetic power extraction from Puget Sound, Washington. In general, extracting tidal energy will have a number of far-field effects, in proportion to the level of power extraction. At the theoretical limit, these effects can be very significant (e.g., 50% reduction in transport), but are predicted to be immeasurably small for pilot-scale projects. Depending on the specifics of the site, far-field effects may either augment or reduce the existing tidal regime. Changes to the tide, in particular, have significant spatial variability. Since tidal streams are generally subcritical, effects are felt throughout the estuary, not just at the site of extraction.;The one dimensional numerical modeling is supported by a robust theory for predicting the performance characteristics of in-stream devices. The far-field effects of tidal power depend on the total power dissipated by turbines, rather than the power extracted. When the low-speed wake downstream of a turbine mixes with the free-stream, power is lost, such that the total power dissipated by the turbine is significantly greater than the power extracted.;This dissertation concludes with a framework for three-dimensional numerical modeling of near-field extraction effects.
機譯：從潮汐流中提取動能的水動力效應對河內(nèi)潮汐能的發(fā)展提出了獨特的挑戰(zhàn)。流式潮汐渦輪機從表面上類似于風力渦輪機，并從強潮汐的潮起潮落中提取動能。提取會增加流動阻力，導致潮差，運輸，混合和動力資源本身發(fā)生變化。這些遠場變化具有環(huán)境，社會和經(jīng)濟影響，開發(fā)流內(nèi)資源必須理解這些影響。本文描述了一維數(shù)值通道模型的發(fā)展及其在這些效應研究中的應用。該模型用于確定站點幾何結構，網(wǎng)絡拓撲，潮汐狀態(tài)和設備動力學所扮演的角色。在理論預測和模型預測之間也進行了比較，以從潮汐能站點提取最大功率。該模型擴展到華盛頓普吉特海灣動能提取的模擬。通常，提取潮汐能將具有與功率提取水平成比例的許多遠場效應。在理論上，這些影響可能非常顯著（例如，運輸量減少了50％），但對于試點規(guī)模的項目而言，這些影響預計很小。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場的具體情況，遠場影響可能會增加或減少現(xiàn)有的潮汐制度。潮汐變化尤其具有明顯的空間變異性。由于潮汐流通常處于次臨界狀態(tài)，因此在整個河口（而不只是在提取地點）都可以感受到效果。一維數(shù)值建模得到穩(wěn)健理論的支持，可以預測流內(nèi)設備的性能特征。潮汐能的遠場效應取決于渦輪機消耗的總功率，而不是提取的功率。當渦輪下游的低速尾流與自由流混合時，功率損失，因此渦輪耗散的總功率明顯大于所提取的功率。模擬近場提取效果。

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