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The polysemy of 'give' constructions in Malay and other languages: A grammaticalization perspective.

機譯：馬來語和其他語言的“給予”結(jié)構(gòu)的多義性：一個語法化的觀點。

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Crosslinguistically, it has been observed that certain lexical items such as 'give' verbs are especially amenable to grammaticalization. This study examines how a highly versatile morpheme bagi ('give') in Malay, a West Austronesian language, acquires a variety of grammatical functions. Based on contextual analyses of this morpheme in texts from literary periods that span about 400 years (late 16th to late 20th century), this study identifies among others the following major tracks of grammaticalization:; (+NP) (+NP) (+NP or nom VP) lexical 'give' > dative 'give' > benefactive 'give' > nominal(ized) purposive 'give' (+S) (+S, or VP) lexical 'give' > permissive/causative 'give' > clausal purposive 'give' (with inducive result or manner interpretations possible) .;While it has been claimed in the literature that purposive and manner 'give' constructions are extensions from the dative/benefactive track (e.g. Song 1997), the present study identifies an alternative path, namely the permissive/causative track. Moreover, this study provides evidence that in serializing languages such as Malay, purposive 'give' constructions can emerge from the same lexical source via separate paths to yield multiple forms, e.g. nominal(ized) (+NP or nomVP) and clausal (+S).;This study also identifies additional functions of bagi, such as reference marking, topic marking and stance marking, and further demonstrates with contextualized examples how these more abstract functions are related to other more basic functions such as dative and benefactive marking.;In addition, this study briefly reports some striking cross-dialectal and crosslinguistic parallels with respect to the grammaticalization of 'give' morphemes across languages. Among the areally and genetically diverse languages examined are Benue-Kwa languages (West Africa), Caribbean creole languages, Oceanic languages, and East and Southeast Asian languages. Comparisons of the 'give' constructions in these languages with the bagi constructions provide us with the outlines of an intricate set of implicational hierarchies pertaining to the grammaticalization of 'give' morphemes in general. The present study highlights the importance of pursuing similar detailed (and preferably diachronic) contextual analyses of 'give' constructions in other languages for a clearer formulation of how language-specific constraints interact with universal tendencies.

機譯：從跨語言的角度來看，已經(jīng)觀察到某些單詞，例如“給”動詞特別適合于語法化。這項研究研究了西澳大利亞語馬來語中馬來語的一種高度通用的語素巴吉語（“給”）如何獲得多種語法功能?；趯缭酱蠹s400年（16世紀末至20世紀末）文學(xué)時期文本中語素的語境分析，本研究確定了以下主要語法化途徑：（+ NP）（+ NP）（+ NP或nom VP）詞匯'give'> dative'give'>受益'give'>名詞化的有目的'give'（+ S）（+ S或VP）詞匯'give'>寬容/致使'give'>子句目的'give'（可能有歸納結(jié)果或方式解釋）.;盡管在文獻中聲稱，目的和方式'give'的構(gòu)造是從賓格/受益人的延伸軌道（例如，Song 1997），本研究確定了替代路徑，即允許/致使軌道。此外，這項研究提供了證據(jù)，證明在序列化語言（例如馬來語）中，有目的的``給定''結(jié)構(gòu)可以通過不同的路徑從同一詞匯源中出現(xiàn)，從而產(chǎn)生多種形式，例如標(biāo)稱（標(biāo)準化）（+ NP或nomVP）和從句（+ S）。該研究還確定了Bagi的其他功能，例如參考標(biāo)記，主題標(biāo)記和立場標(biāo)記，并通過上下文示例進一步說明了這些更抽象的功能是如何實現(xiàn)的。與其他更基本的功能，例如和物和受益標(biāo)記有關(guān)。；此外，本研究簡要報告了在跨語言“給定”語素的語法化方面一些驚人的跨語言和跨語言相似之處。在考察的面和遺傳多樣性語言中，有Benue-Kwa語言（西非），加勒比克里奧爾語語言，海洋語言以及東亞和東南亞語言。這些語言中的“給定”構(gòu)造與巴吉構(gòu)造的比較為我們提供了與“給定”語素的語法化有關(guān)的一組復(fù)雜的隱含層次結(jié)構(gòu)的概述。本研究強調(diào)了對其他語言中的“給予”結(jié)構(gòu)進行類似的詳細（最好是歷時性）語境分析的重要性，以便更明確地表述特定語言的約束與普遍傾向的相互作用。

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作者
Yap, Foong Ha.;
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作者單位

University of California, Los Angeles.;

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授予單位 University of California, Los Angeles.;
學(xué)科 Language Linguistics.;Language General.
學(xué)位 Ph.D.
年度 1999
頁碼 475 p.
總頁數(shù) 475
原文格式 PDF
正文語種 eng
中圖分類
關(guān)鍵詞

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The polysemy of 'give' constructions in Malay and other languages: A grammaticalization perspective.

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