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COD balances in biological nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal activated sludge systems.

機(jī)譯：生物營養(yǎng)物（氮和磷）去除中的COD平衡可活化污泥系統(tǒng)。

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This research set out to investigate reported anomalies in the calculation of COD balances in biological nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removal (BNR) activated sludge systems. For non-BNR systems, accurate COD balances are consistently attainable from experimental measurements. That is, influent COD can be accounted for in the effluent flow, waste sludge stream, and mass of oxygen utilised for carbonaceous oxidation. For BNR systems, in a number of instances where COD balances have been performed, the balances do not close. That is, the sum of the COD leaving the system is as much as 20% less than the COD entering the system, and thus there is an apparent COD ‘loss’. In attempting to explain the problem, a laboratory based experimental program was developed which isolated specific areas of interest within BNR systems. The study involved two main experimental phases.; In the first experimental phase, a closed denitrification assay technique was developed. This assay technique allowed specific aspects which have relevance to be evaluated: the nitrate-to-oxygen conversion factor, and the yield of activated sludge organisms under anoxic conditions. The advantages of the closed assay were that all of the needed COD balance terms were independently measurable, and the denitrification system was sealed which isolated the assay environment from the surrounding environment and minimised the effects of external inputs (i.e. oxygen transfer from the air to the liquid).; In the second experimental phase, an excess biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) system was operated to investigate the influence of the influent COD to phosphorus ratio on EBPR biological activity and COD balance calculations. The EBPR system was a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) which was extensively monitored over an eight month period. This allowed for the investigation of several factors such as, the rate of anaerobic phosphorus release and COD uptake, the ratio of anaerobic phosphorus released to COD taken up, and the rate of aerobic phosphorus uptake. The system also allowed for the calculation of COD balances.; The main body of this thesis is presented as a series of five papers. The first paper (Chapter 3) presents a study on the nitrate-to-oxygen conversion factor. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
機(jī)譯：這項(xiàng)研究旨在調(diào)查在生物營養(yǎng)物（氮和磷）去除（BNR）活性污泥系統(tǒng)中COD平衡計(jì)算中所報(bào)告的異常。對于非BNR系統(tǒng)，始終可以通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測量獲得準(zhǔn)確的COD平衡。也就是說，進(jìn)水COD可以在廢水流量，廢物污泥流和用于碳質(zhì)氧化的氧氣量中考慮。對于BNR系統(tǒng)，在許多已執(zhí)行COD余額的情況下，余額不會關(guān)閉。就是說，離開系統(tǒng)的COD的總和比進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)的COD少20％，因此存在明顯的COD“損失”。為了解釋這個(gè)問題，開發(fā)了一個(gè)基于實(shí)驗(yàn)室的實(shí)驗(yàn)程序，該程序隔離了BNR系統(tǒng)內(nèi)特定的特定領(lǐng)域。該研究涉及兩個(gè)主要的實(shí)驗(yàn)階段。在第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)階段，開發(fā)了一種封閉的反硝化測定技術(shù)。這種測定技術(shù)允許評估具有相關(guān)性的特定方面：硝酸鹽到氧氣的轉(zhuǎn)化因子，以及缺氧條件下活性污泥生物的產(chǎn)率。封閉式測定的優(yōu)勢在于，所有所需的COD平衡項(xiàng)均可以獨(dú)立測量，并且反硝化系統(tǒng)是密封的，從而將測定環(huán)境與周圍環(huán)境隔離開來，并最大限度地減少了外部輸入的影響（即，氧氣從空氣向空氣中的轉(zhuǎn)移）液體）。;在第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)階段，運(yùn)行了過量的生物除磷（EBPR）系統(tǒng)，以研究進(jìn)水COD與磷的比率對EBPR生物活性和COD平衡計(jì)算的影響。 EBPR系統(tǒng)是實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)模的分批反應(yīng)器（SBR），在八個(gè)月的時(shí)間內(nèi)受到了廣泛的監(jiān)控。這樣就可以研究幾個(gè)因素，例如厭氧磷的釋放速率和COD吸收率，厭氧磷與COD的吸收率以及好氧磷的吸收率。該系統(tǒng)還允許計(jì)算COD余額。本論文的主體是由五篇論文組成的系列文章。第一篇論文（第3章）介紹了硝酸鹽-氧氣轉(zhuǎn)化因子的研究。 （摘要由UMI縮短。）

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