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A study of dynamic interfacial mechanisms for demulsification of water-in-oil emulsions.

機(jī)譯：油包水型乳液破乳的動(dòng)態(tài)界面機(jī)理研究。

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Demulsification (emulsion breaking) is necessary in many practical applications such as the petroleum industry, coating, painting, and waste water treatment in environmental technology. Chemical demulsification is the most widely applied method of treating water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions and involves the use of chemical additives to accelerate the emulsion breaking process.; The stability of emulsions is largely affected by the nature of the interface/film and surfactant adsorption mechanisms. A modified surfactant adsorption model is described for ionic surfactant adsorption on the surface. Hydrodynamic and thermodynamic factors on the emulsion stability were briefly described.; A new technique has been developed to measure the static/dynamic film tension and film rheological properties (such as Gibbs film elasticity, film dilational modulus) of the emulsion and foam films. The measuring technology can be useful in studying the stabilization/destabilization mechanisms for the emulsion and foam films.; To understand the demulsification process, the film tension measurement was used. Using samples of actual crude oil emulsions and brine, the data presented for several commercial-type demulsifiers show a strong connection between good performance (fast coalescence) and dynamic film rheological properties. Measurements of dynamic interfacial tension and activities with a conventional drop-volume apparatus support the water/oil/water film results. Measurements of static interfacial tension fail to correlate with the performance data. The data provide useful insight into physico-chemical mechanisms needed to obtain rapid coalescence, and could help guide the development of higher performance demulsifiers. To understand the role of demulsifier (emulsion breaker) destabilization mechanisms, the effect of the single components of demulsifiers and their blends, the separation efficiency of water-in-crude oil emulsions in relationship to the oil emulsion film and oil/water interfacial rheology (such as dynamic film/interfacial tension and film/interfacial elasticity and the demulsifier film and interface diffusivity) were studied. The measurements were consistently made on systems with known oil, water and demulsifier chemistry. These measurements were then correlated with field performance data.; For the extensive work, particle-particle interactions inside the film were studied in emulsion stabilization/destabilization mechanisms.
機(jī)譯：破乳（破乳）在許多實(shí)際應(yīng)用中是必需的，例如石油工業(yè)，涂料，油漆和環(huán)境技術(shù)中的廢水處理?；瘜W(xué)破乳是處理油??包水和水包油乳液的最廣泛應(yīng)用的方法，并且涉及使用化學(xué)添加劑來加速乳液破乳過程。乳液的穩(wěn)定性在很大程度上受到界面/薄膜性質(zhì)和表面活性劑吸附機(jī)制的影響。描述了一種改進(jìn)的表面活性劑吸附模型，用于離子型表面活性劑吸附在表面上。簡要描述了影響乳液穩(wěn)定性的流體動(dòng)力學(xué)和熱力學(xué)因素。已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種新技術(shù)來測量乳液和泡沫膜的靜態(tài)/動(dòng)態(tài)膜張力和膜流變性質(zhì)（例如吉布斯膜彈性，膜膨脹模量）。該測量技術(shù)可用于研究乳液和泡沫膜的穩(wěn)定/去穩(wěn)定機(jī)理。為了理解破乳過程，使用了膜張力測量。使用實(shí)際的原油乳液和鹽水樣品，提供的幾種商用破乳劑的數(shù)據(jù)表明，良好的性能（快速聚結(jié)）和動(dòng)態(tài)薄膜流變性能之間存在密切的聯(lián)系。用傳統(tǒng)的滴量儀測量動(dòng)態(tài)界面張力和活性可以支持水/油/水膜的測量結(jié)果。靜態(tài)界面張力的測量結(jié)果與性能數(shù)據(jù)不相關(guān)。數(shù)據(jù)為獲得快速聚結(jié)所需的理化機(jī)理提供了有用的見識(shí)，并且可以幫助指導(dǎo)高性能破乳劑的開發(fā)。為了了解破乳劑（破乳劑）去穩(wěn)定機(jī)理的作用，破乳劑及其混合物的單一組分的作用，原油中水乳液的分離效率與油乳液膜和油/水界面流變學(xué)的關(guān)系（研究了動(dòng)態(tài)膜/界面張力和膜/界面彈性以及破乳劑膜和界面擴(kuò)散系數(shù)等。在具有已知油，水和破乳劑化學(xué)性質(zhì)的系統(tǒng)上一致地進(jìn)行測量。然后將這些測量結(jié)果與現(xiàn)場性能數(shù)據(jù)相關(guān)聯(lián)。對于廣泛的工作，在乳液穩(wěn)定化/去穩(wěn)定化機(jī)理中研究了膜內(nèi)部的顆粒間相互作用。

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