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Lack of U.S. female orchestral trumpet players: Gender bias or other factors?

機(jī)譯：缺少美國(guó)女性管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)小號(hào)手：性別偏見(jiàn)或其他因素？

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摘要

This study is the result of a question posed by a middle school band director when faced with the question of female brass role models for beginning band students. In an attempt to prove to young beginners that all instruments are 'unisex', he began to recite men who played the flute and clarinet but could not think of any women who played brass instruments. A question was posed which pondered why there are so few professional women brass players when females are at the top of their sections in their high school and college band and orchestra programs. The study developed into a search for professional female trumpet players in the trumpet sections of United States orchestras. To the surprise of the researcher, the results yielded many, including the pioneer women who set the stage for generations to come. But even with the number of women discovered, the data revealed that out of 1030 trumpet players, only 105 were women; a total of approximately 10%. The study developed even further into possible reasons why the numbers were so low. The researcher set out to interview a number of women who have been successful in their quest to make it into these orchestras, as well as a number of women who have made it into these orchestras but are no longer making it their 'primary goal'. Another number have not yet won a permanent position, or are playing in very small orchestras. All of the interviewees believe that the number of women performing in U.S. orchestras will continue to grow, and those that are older have seen significant progress over the years. Most of the women interviewed do not feel that the reason for the lower numbers is because of gender bias, but they all have an instance where they felt that they had to prove their abilities to a man. Another interesting fact to note; when the orchestras were arranged by size and monetary budget, (instead of by state) the number of female trumpet players who were able to win a place in the larger orchestras dwindled to 1%.
機(jī)譯：這項(xiàng)研究是由一個(gè)中學(xué)生樂(lè)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人在面對(duì)初學(xué)者學(xué)生的黃銅角色榜樣問(wèn)題時(shí)提出的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。為了向年輕的初學(xué)者證明所有樂(lè)器都是“中性”的，他開(kāi)始背誦演奏長(zhǎng)笛和單簧管的男人，卻沒(méi)有想到任何演奏銅管樂(lè)器的女人。提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題，即在高中，大學(xué)樂(lè)隊(duì)和管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)節(jié)目中，當(dāng)女性在其部門(mén)中處于領(lǐng)先地位時(shí)，為什么職業(yè)黃銅女演奏者如此之少的原因。該研究發(fā)展為在美國(guó)樂(lè)團(tuán)的小號(hào)部分尋找專(zhuān)業(yè)的女小號(hào)演奏家。令研究人員驚訝的是，結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了許多成果，其中包括為子孫后代奠定基礎(chǔ)的先鋒女性。但是即使有發(fā)現(xiàn)的女性人數(shù)，數(shù)據(jù)也顯示出在1030名小號(hào)演奏家中，只有105名是女性?？傆?jì)約10％。這項(xiàng)研究甚至進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了為何數(shù)字如此之低的可能原因。研究人員著手采訪(fǎng)了許多成功加入該樂(lè)隊(duì)的女性，以及一些成功加入該樂(lè)隊(duì)但不再將其作為“主要目標(biāo)”的女性。另一個(gè)數(shù)字尚未贏得永久性的職位，或者正在很小的樂(lè)隊(duì)中演出。所有受訪(fǎng)者都認(rèn)為，在美國(guó)樂(lè)團(tuán)中演出的女性人數(shù)將繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，而那些年紀(jì)較大的女性在這些年中已取得了顯著進(jìn)步。大多數(shù)受訪(fǎng)婦女并不認(rèn)為人數(shù)減少的原因是由于性別偏見(jiàn)，但她們都有一個(gè)例子，她們認(rèn)為自己必須向男人證明自己的能力。另一個(gè)值得注意的事實(shí)；當(dāng)按規(guī)模和貨幣預(yù)算來(lái)安排樂(lè)團(tuán)時(shí)（而不是按州），能夠贏得較大樂(lè)團(tuán)中的一席的女性小號(hào)手的人數(shù)減少到1％。

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  • 作者

    Fincher, Sherri LuAnn.;

  • 作者單位

    The University of Mississippi.;

  • 授予單位 The University of Mississippi.;
  • 學(xué)科 Music.;Gender Studies.;Education Music.;Education Middle School.
  • 學(xué)位 D.A.
  • 年度 2009
  • 頁(yè)碼 129 p.
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù) 129
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類(lèi)
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