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PREDICTIVE TESTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS.

機譯：預測環(huán)境致癌物。

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摘要

Two research approaches are presented which address different aspects of predictive testing for environmental carcinogens. In Part I, a well-known microbial assay is used to determine the presence of carcinogens in an environmental sample of suspected hazard. In Part II, a single chemical carcinogen is chosen to demonstrate the utility of three-phase microcosms for prediction of transport and transformations pathways in a reservoir ecosystem.; The Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity assay was used to screen processed oil shale extracts for potentially carcinogenic chemicals. Positive mutagenic activity was detected in organic solvent extracts of all four spent shales tested. This result combined with the fact that most carcinogens (90 percent) have been detected as mutagens in the Ames test, indicates that these extracts contain carcinogens.; Problems which might limit application of the Ames assay were explored. The results of assays of one-to-one mixtures of two mutagens which exhibited different dose response curves when assayed separately indicated the response to the mixture was non-additive. Furthermore, the response to the mixture was determined to be statistically indistinguishable (chi-square analysis) from the dose response curve of one of the mutagens in the majority of cases. This masking effect was found to persist for one strong mutagen (benzo(a)pyrene) even when it composed only 10 percent of the mixture. The effect of various non-toxic solvents on the mutagenic response of certain mutagens was also determined. The present study showed that the choice of solvent (ethanol, methanol, dimethylsulfoxide, p-dioxane) can significantly alter the magnitude of the mutagenic response.; Three-phase microcosms were used to study the aquatic fate and effect of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), benz(a)anthracene. In a series of experiments techniques were established for monitoring the behavior and for assessing the biological response to the pollutant. Results indicated that the three-phase microcosms used had limited application in the examination of biological response to chronic, low-dose exposure of non-toxic, relatively insoluble pollutant. On the other hand, the structurally simple microcosm was appropriate for a mass balance determination of the fate of the compound.
機譯：提出了兩種研究方法，分別針對環(huán)境致癌物的預測測試的不同方面。在第一部分中，使用眾所周知的微生物測定法來確定可疑危害環(huán)境樣品中是否存在致癌物。在第二部分中，選擇了一種化學致癌物來證明三相微觀世界在預測儲層生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的運輸和轉化途徑方面的實用性。 Ames /沙門氏菌的致突變性分析用于篩選加工油頁巖提取物中的潛在致癌化學物質。在測試的所有四個廢頁巖的有機溶劑提取物中均檢測到正誘變活性。該結果與大多數致癌物（90％）在艾姆斯試驗中被檢測為誘變劑這一事實結合起來，表明這些提取物含有致癌物。探討了可能限制Ames分析應用的問題。兩種誘變劑的一對一混合物的分析結果在單獨測定時顯示出不同的劑量反應曲線，表明對混合物的反應是非加性的。此外，在大多數情況下，與一種誘變劑的劑量反應曲線在統(tǒng)計學上是無法區(qū)分的（卡方分析）。即使一種強誘變劑（苯并（a）py）僅占混合物的10％，這種掩蔽作用仍然存在。還確定了各種無毒溶劑對某些誘變劑的誘變反應的影響。本研究表明，選擇溶劑（乙醇，甲醇，二甲基亞砜，對二惡烷）可以顯著改變誘變反應的幅度。三相縮影用于研究多環(huán)芳烴（PAH）苯并（a）蒽的水生生物及其影響。在一系列實驗中，建立了用于監(jiān)視行為和評估對污染物的生物響應的技術。結果表明，所使用的三相微觀世界在檢查對慢性，低劑量無毒，相對不溶性污染物的生物學反應方面的應用有限。另一方面，結構簡單的縮影適用于質量平衡確定化合物的命運。

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  • 作者

    DICKSON, JUDITH GRACE.;

  • 作者單位

    Utah State University.;

  • 授予單位 Utah State University.;
  • 學科 Environmental Sciences.
  • 學位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1982
  • 頁碼 240 p.
  • 總頁數 240
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類 環(huán)境科學基礎理論;
  • 關鍵詞

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