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首頁> 外文學位 >Chapter 1. Variation in salamander and aquatic insect communities as it relates to stream condition in natural areas of southeastern Kentucky, and, Chapter 2. Examining the impacts of valley fills in stream ecosystems on amphibian and aquatic insect communities in southeastern Kentucky.
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Chapter 1. Variation in salamander and aquatic insect communities as it relates to stream condition in natural areas of southeastern Kentucky, and, Chapter 2. Examining the impacts of valley fills in stream ecosystems on amphibian and aquatic insect communities in southeastern Kentucky.

機譯：第1章。與肯塔基州東南部自然地區(qū)的溪流狀況有關(guān)的sal和水生昆蟲群落的變化；第2章，研究溪流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的山谷填充物對肯塔基州東南部的兩棲動物和水生昆蟲群落的影響。

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Chapter 1. Abstract: Biodiversity is not evenly distributed, and understanding factors that determine spatial patterns of species diversity remains a key question in ecology. Because of their relatively high abundance and complex life cycles, stream salamanders and aquatic insects are important trophic links and serve a critical role in transferring energy. Despite this importance little research has examined their community structure simultaneously in aquatic ecosystems. The primary objective of this research was to determine the structure of these communities across natural areas of southeastern Kentucky and understand what factors impact their abundances and distributions. To address this, we sampled eight reference quality streams across the region, March--June 2014. Salamander sampling consisted of three sampling periods on a monthly basis, April--June 2014. Aquatic insect sampling consisted of a single sampling event in March 2014, with water and habitat sampling occurring during each aquatic insect and salamander sampling event. Within each stream, a 100-m reach was sampled for salamanders, aquatic insects, water quality, and habitat measurements. A principle component analysis (PCA) approach was used for factor reduction to create predictive models of environmental variables associated with salamander and aquatic insect abundance and richness. 390 salamanders (155 adult, 235 larvae; 7 species) and 1,163 aquatic insects (8 orders, 33 families) were sampled. Predictive models revealed associations between salamander and aquatic insect abundance and richness, presence and composition of cover objects, and stream pH and conductivity. Understanding patterns of community composition and distribution of aquatic insects and salamanders within reference quality aquatic ecosystems provides important information about ecosystem functioning in undisturbed habitats in this region of high disturbance and anthropogenic land use.;Chapter 2 Abstract: Valley fills due to mountaintop-removal mining bury headwater streams and affect downstream water quality and ecological function. Past studies have focused on generally one taxonomic group or purely habitat and water quality affects. In this study we evaluated stream salamander and aquatic insect communities, metal concentrations in water and tissue, and stream quality and habitat in 10 streams affected by Valley fills (VFS) and 5 reference streams (RS) located in natural areas within 15 km of VFS. Within each stream, a 100-m reach was sampled for the above stated parameters. Salamander sampling consisted of three sampling periods on a monthly basis, April--June 2015. Aquatic insect sampling consisted of a single sampling event in March 2015, with water and habitat sampling occurring during each aquatic insect and salamander sampling event. This study captured 529 individual salamanders of eight species, with captures in RS (n=335) higher than in sampled VFS (n=194). A total of 1,034 aquatic insects representing 8 orders and 37 families were collected, and captures were higher for RS (n=597) than VF (n=447). Abundance, richness, and other community metrics of sampled salamander and aquatic insects were significantly higher in RS than VFS. Several habitat and environmental factors significantly differed between treatments including % silt, conductivity, selenium concentration in water and tissue, and canopy closure likely leading to the reduced communities of salamanders and aquatic insects observed. By approaching the issue of stream health through multiple abiotic factors and taxa, this study provides critical information of the effects of valley fills on stream quality and function.
機譯：第一章摘要：生物多樣性分布不均，了解決定物種多樣性空間格局的因素仍然是生態(tài)學中的關(guān)鍵問題。由于sal和水生昆蟲相對較高的豐度和復(fù)雜的生命周期，它們是重要的營養(yǎng)紐帶，并在傳遞能量方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。盡管有這種重要性，但很少有研究同時審查它們在水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的群落結(jié)構(gòu)。這項研究的主要目的是確定肯塔基州東南部自然地區(qū)這些社區(qū)的結(jié)構(gòu)，并了解哪些因素會影響其數(shù)量和分布。為了解決這個問題，我們在2014年3月至6月對該地區(qū)的八個參考質(zhì)量流進行了采樣。Sal的采樣由2014年4月至6月的每月三個采樣周期組成。水生昆蟲采樣由2014年3月的一個采樣事件組成，在每次水生昆蟲和sal采樣過程中都會進行水和棲息地采樣。在每條溪流中，采樣了100米的范圍，用于sal，水生昆蟲，水質(zhì)和棲息地的測量。使用主成分分析（PCA）方法來減少因子，以創(chuàng)建與sal和水生昆蟲的豐度和豐富度相關(guān)的環(huán)境變量的預(yù)測模型。采樣了390只sal（成年155只，幼蟲235只； 7種）和1,163只水生昆蟲（8目，33科）。預(yù)測模型揭示了sal和水生昆蟲的豐度與豐富度，被覆物體的存在和組成以及溪流的pH和電導率之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。了解參考質(zhì)量水生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)水生昆蟲和sal的群落組成和分布模式，可提供有關(guān)該高干擾和人為土地使用地區(qū)未受干擾的生境中生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的重要信息。；第二章摘要：由于山頂去除采礦而造成的山谷填埋掩埋上游水流，影響下游水質(zhì)和生態(tài)功能。過去的研究通常集中在一個生物分類群或純粹的棲息地和水質(zhì)影響上。在這項研究中，我們評估了sal和水生昆蟲群落，水中金屬和組織中的金屬濃度以及受谷河灌水（VFS）影響的10條溪流和位于VFS 15公里以內(nèi)自然區(qū)域的5條參考溪流（RS）的溪流質(zhì)量和棲息地。 。在每個流中，針對上述參數(shù)采樣了100米的距離。采樣包括每月三個采樣期，即2015年4月至6月。水生昆蟲采樣包括2015年3月的單個采樣事件，每個水生昆蟲和sal采樣事件都進行水和棲息地采樣。這項研究捕獲了529種8種individual，其中RS（n = 335）的捕獲量高于采樣VFS（n = 194）的捕獲量。總共收集到了代表8個科和37個科的1,034只水生昆蟲，RS（n = 597）的捕獲量高于VF（n = 447）。 RS中的sal和水生昆蟲的豐度，豐富度和其他群落指標顯著高于VFS。處理之間的幾個棲息地和環(huán)境因素存在顯著差異，包括淤泥百分比，電導率，水和組織中硒的濃度以及冠層封閉可能導致sal和水生昆蟲群落減少。通過研究多種非生物因素和生物分類對河流健康的影響，這項研究提供了關(guān)于河谷填充物對河流質(zhì)量和功能影響的重要信息。

著錄項

  • 作者

    Bourne, John Clayton.;

  • 作者單位

    Eastern Kentucky University.;

  • 授予單位 Eastern Kentucky University.;
  • 學科 Ecology.;Wildlife management.;Environmental management.;Zoology.
  • 學位 M.S.
  • 年度 2015
  • 頁碼 79 p.
  • 總頁數(shù) 79
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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