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'What's the problem?' Developing a model of problem recognition in an operational distributed work environment.

機(jī)譯：“有什么問題？”在可操作的分布式工作環(huán)境中開發(fā)問題識別模型。

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In this dissertation I study operational problem processes in a distributed work environment. I am particularly interested in how geographically distributed groups recognize problem situations.;Given my interest in the process of problem recognition, I have adopted a qualitative, exploratory, empirical perspective. For data collection, I worked with the US Navy's logistics group to design and run 66 simulated logistics scenarios in a distributed (ship and shore) setting. These scenarios allow detailed analysis of the sense making and interaction processes used by the professionals in their roles.;I synthesize two theoretical frameworks into a general model of operational problem recognition. Data-Frame Theory (DFT) is a cognitive descriptive theory of sensemaking in professional, real-time operational decision situations. Strauss's Theory of Action is a relational theory used as a basis for analyzing work interactions. The two frameworks complement each other in a distributed setting, as all distributed problem recognition requires both cognitive sensemaking and interactions across at least two locations to come to a coherent description of a problem.;Key contributions include: (1) highlighting the importance of a problem-based perspective on routine distributed work, and improving the understanding of distributed problem recognition processes; (2) creating the Distributed Work Display and related methods to support analysis of distributed processes; (3) creating a theoretical framework integrating both a cognitive and relationally based perspective on distributed problem recognition; and (4) providing a model to be used in the design of systems and processes to support distributed operational problem recognition, and ultimately, problem solving in practice.
機(jī)譯：在本文中，我研究了分布式工作環(huán)境中的操作問題過程。我對地理上分散的群體如何識別問題情況特別感興趣。;鑒于對問題識別過程的興趣，我采用了定性，探索性，經(jīng)驗(yàn)性的觀點(diǎn)。對于數(shù)據(jù)收集，我與美國海軍后勤小組合作，在分布式（船舶和岸上）環(huán)境中設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行了66種模擬后勤方案。這些方案允許對專業(yè)人員在其角色中使用的意義和互動過程進(jìn)行詳細(xì)分析。我將兩個(gè)理論框架綜合為操作問題識別的通用模型。數(shù)據(jù)框架理論（DFT）是在專業(yè)，實(shí)時(shí)操作決策情況下的意義描述的認(rèn)知描述理論。施特勞斯的行動理論是一種關(guān)系理論，被用作分析工作互動的基礎(chǔ)。這兩種框架在分布式環(huán)境中是相輔相成的，因?yàn)樗蟹植际絾栴}識別都需要認(rèn)知意識和至少兩個(gè)位置之間的相互作用才能對問題進(jìn)行連貫的描述。主要貢獻(xiàn)包括：（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)問題的重要性?；趩栴}的角度看待日常的分布式工作，并增進(jìn)對分布式問題識別過程的理解； （2）創(chuàng)建分布式工作展示和相關(guān)方法以支持對分布式過程的分析； （3）建立一個(gè)理論框架，將關(guān)于分布式問題識別的認(rèn)知和基于關(guān)系的觀點(diǎn)相結(jié)合； （4）提供用于系統(tǒng)和流程設(shè)計(jì)的模型，以支持分布式操作問題識別，并最終支持實(shí)踐中的問題解決。

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