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Federal transportation spending and vehicle miles traveled reductions.

機(jī)譯：聯(lián)邦運(yùn)輸支出和車輛行駛里程減少了。

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As the United States moves closer to regulating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in response to global climate change, solutions are needed that minimize the cost burden on consumers. The on-road transportation sector, which accounts for one-third of US GHG emissions, may be a likely candidate for significant reduction of GHGs. While vehicle and fuel technology increasingly limit the release of other tailpipe pollutants, transportation-based GHG emissions have continued to rise, as the number of total vehicle miles traveled (VMT) has risen. At the same time, the Federal Highway Trust Fund, the source for most Federal surface transportation spending, suffers from a substantial financial crisis. Directing transportation investment into a cost-effective means of significant VMT reduction would help alleviate pressure on the Trust Fund, as well as, abate US GHG emissions. This study looks at the potential of VMT reduction from the Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (CMAQ) program, as a means of reducing GHG emissions with a particular focus paid to its funding of infrastructure for transportation modes, other than single-occupancy vehicles. While it was determined that VMT grew at a slower rate in metropolitan areas that received more alternative transportation funding, the findings were not significant enough to definitively state the effectiveness of CMAQ as a GHG reducing mechanism. There are two possible reasons for these findings, one practical and one statistical. The practical reason may be that the programs are so small relative to overall system expenditure that only larger programs would produce a real impact. The statistical reason may be that the funding amounts are so small relative to overall VMT that other factors dominated in the statistical regressions. However, the results also do not rule out the ability of concentrated alternative transportation spending, as in CMAQ, to influence VMT growth.
機(jī)譯：隨著美國為響應(yīng)全球氣候變化而越來越接近于調(diào)節(jié)溫室氣體（GHG）排放，需要找到能夠最大程度降低消費(fèi)者成本負(fù)擔(dān)的解決方案。占美國溫室氣體排放量三分之一的公路運(yùn)輸部門可能是大幅減少溫室氣體的候選者。盡管車輛和燃料技術(shù)越來越多地限制其他尾氣污染物的排放，但隨著總行駛里程數(shù)（VMT）的增加，基于交通的溫室氣體排放量仍在繼續(xù)增加。同時(shí)，聯(lián)邦公路信托基金（Federal Highway Trust Fund）是大多數(shù)聯(lián)邦地面運(yùn)輸支出的來源，遭受了嚴(yán)重的金融危機(jī)的困擾。將運(yùn)輸投資用于經(jīng)濟(jì)有效地大幅減少VMT的手段中，將有助于減輕對信托基金的壓力，并減輕美國的溫室氣體排放量。這項(xiàng)研究著眼于緩解交通擁擠和空氣質(zhì)量（CMAQ）計(jì)劃中減少VMT的潛力，以此作為減少溫室氣體排放的一種方式，特別側(cè)重于為單人車輛以外的交通方式基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施提供資金。雖然確定在獲得更多替代運(yùn)輸資金的城市地區(qū)，VMT的增長速度較慢，但??調(diào)查結(jié)果的意義不足以明確說明CMAQ作為減少溫室氣體的機(jī)制的有效性。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩個(gè)可能的原因，一個(gè)是實(shí)用的，另一個(gè)是統(tǒng)計(jì)的。實(shí)際的原因可能是程序相對于整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的支出來說太小，以至于只有更大的程序才會產(chǎn)生實(shí)際的影響。統(tǒng)計(jì)上的原因可能是，相對于總體VMT而言，資金數(shù)額如此之??小，以致于其他因素在統(tǒng)計(jì)回歸中占主導(dǎo)地位。但是，結(jié)果也并不排除像CMAQ那樣集中替代交通支出影響VMT增長的能力。

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