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Chemical and hydromechanical cue structure in the context of turbulent odor plume tracking.

機(jī)譯：在湍流的氣味羽流追蹤中的化學(xué)和水力機(jī)械提示結(jié)構(gòu)。

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The main focus of this study was to quantify the chemical signals received by a blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) while tracking an odorant source in a laboratory flume. To make a direct linkage between tracking behavior and the odorant concentration signal, we developed a measurement system to quantify the instantaneous concentration field surrounding actively tracking blue crabs. A three-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence (3DLIF) system was designed and constructed to measure odorant concentrations around crabs tracking three source types: a continuous release with exit velocity matching the mean local velocity in the flume; a continuous release with a meander created by an upstream cylinder; and a pulsed release switching on and off and with the same mass flow rate as the other two plume types. The meandering and pulsed plumes were introduced to observe the effects of large-scale spatial (meandering) and temporal (pulsed) intermittency on crab tracking. Simultaneous with the chemical concentration measurements, crab position data was recorded for kinematic analysis during post-processing. In addition, concentration measurements were collected for the three plume types without crabs present in order to quantify the statistical characteristics of the plume structure.;The concentration signals arriving at the antennules and outer chemosensory organs, most notably the legs, were targeted due to the hypotheses that concentration bursts at the antennules mediate upstream movement and that spatial contrast at the leg chemosensors mediates turning. A sampling zone was placed in front of the crab's mouth parts and aligned with the crab carapace orientation to extract odorant bursts at the antennules. The data generally showed an increase in upstream walking speed when high concentration bursts arrive at the antennules location, which agrees with the hypothesis. Measurement of the odorant concentration at the outer chemosensors was less direct and involved placing a box upstream of the crab and sampled earlier in time in order to avoid shadowing interference and reflections. Based on the signal at the upstream sampling box, a general bias for turning was observed. Crabs casted transversely in response to the directional bias extracted from the upstream sampling box. A statistical analysis of crab behavioral response to concentrations at the antennules and outer chemosensors can be found in a (future) companion thesis written by Jennifer Page in the School of Biology.;Statistical measures of the data collected in the absence of blue crabs were calculated for each plume type, including the time-averaged concentration, the standard deviation of the concentration fluctuations, intermittency factor, and the average plume width. For the three plume types, the standard deviation of the concentration fluctuations was greater than the time-averaged concentration, as time records consisted of intermittent high concentration bursts interspersed with concentrations close to zero. For the continuous plume, the time-averaged concentration displayed Gaussian profiles centered on the nozzle centerline. The meandering plume data conformed to the meandering plume model of Gifford (1959) modified for an induced pseudo-periodic meander. The pulsed plume displayed characteristics that were intermediate between the cloud dispersion model (Townsend 1951, Chatwin and Sullivan 1979) and the Gaussian dispersion model for a continuous release.
機(jī)譯：這項研究的主要重點是量化藍(lán)蟹（Callinectes sapidus）接收到的化學(xué)信號，同時在實驗室水槽中追蹤氣味源。為了在跟蹤行為和氣味濃度信號之間建立直接聯(lián)系，我們開發(fā)了一種測量系統(tǒng)來量化主動跟蹤藍(lán)蟹周圍的瞬時濃度場。設(shè)計并構(gòu)建了三維激光誘導(dǎo)熒光（3DLIF）系統(tǒng)，以測量蟹周圍的氣味濃度，跟蹤三種來源類型：連續(xù)釋放，出口速度與水槽中的平均局部速度相匹配；由上游氣缸產(chǎn)生曲折的連續(xù)釋放；脈沖釋放開關(guān)可打開和關(guān)閉，并且質(zhì)量流量與其他兩種羽流類型相同。引入彎曲的和脈沖狀的羽流以觀察大規(guī)模的空間（曲折）和時間（脈沖）間斷性對螃蟹追蹤的影響。與化學(xué)濃度測量同時，記錄蟹位置數(shù)據(jù)，以便在后處理過程中進(jìn)行運動學(xué)分析。此外，收集了三種不存在螃蟹的羽毛類型的濃度測量值，以量化羽毛結(jié)構(gòu)的統(tǒng)計特征。;由于到達(dá)目標(biāo)位置，到達(dá)觸角和外部化學(xué)感覺器官（最主要是腿部）的濃度信號被作為目標(biāo)。假說是，在前排的濃度爆發(fā)會介導(dǎo)上游運動，而在腿部化學(xué)傳感器上的空間對比度會介導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)彎。在蟹的嘴部前面放置一個采樣區(qū)，并與蟹的甲殼的朝向?qū)R，以在口部提取出爆味。數(shù)據(jù)通常表明，當(dāng)高濃度爆發(fā)到達(dá)觸角位置時，上游行走速度增加，這與假設(shè)相符。外部化學(xué)傳感器上氣味劑濃度的測量不太直接，需要在螃蟹上游放置一個盒子，并及時取樣以避免陰影干擾和反射。根據(jù)上游采樣盒上的信號，觀察到一般的轉(zhuǎn)向偏差。響應(yīng)于從上游采樣盒提取的方向偏差，橫向鑄造螃蟹?？梢栽谏飳W(xué)學(xué)院的詹妮弗·佩奇（Jennifer Page）撰寫的（未來）伴隨論文中找到螃蟹行為對觸角和外部化學(xué)傳感器濃度的行為的統(tǒng)計分析;計算了在沒有藍(lán)蟹的情況下收集到的數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)計量對于每種羽狀類型，包括時間平均濃度，濃度波動的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差，間歇性因子和平均羽狀寬度。對于這三種羽流類型，濃度波動的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏差大于時間平均濃度，因為時間記錄由間歇的高濃度爆發(fā)組成，其間散布著接近零的濃度。對于連續(xù)羽流，時間平均濃度顯示以噴嘴中心線為中心的高斯分布。彎曲羽流數(shù)據(jù)符合Gifford（1959）的彎曲羽流模型，該模型針對誘發(fā)的偽周期彎曲進(jìn)行了修改。脈沖羽流顯示的特征介于云擴(kuò)散模型（Townsend 1951，Chatwin和Sullivan 1979）和高斯擴(kuò)散模型之間，以進(jìn)行持續(xù)釋放。

著錄項

  • 作者

    Dickman, Brian D.;

  • 作者單位

    Georgia Institute of Technology.;

  • 授予單位 Georgia Institute of Technology.;
  • 學(xué)科 Biology Oceanography.;Engineering Civil.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 頁碼 309 p.
  • 總頁數(shù) 309
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語種 eng
  • 中圖分類 海洋生物;建筑科學(xué);
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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