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Surface Modification of Titanium Using Anodization to Enhance Antimicrobial Properties and Osseointegration

機(jī)譯：使用陽(yáng)極氧化處理鈦的表面改性，以增強(qiáng)抗菌性能和骨整合

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Titanium and its alloys are frequently used in dental and orthopedic implants because they have good mechanical strength, chemical stability and biocompatibility. These properties can be further improved by surface treatments such as anodization that are able to grow thicker and produce crystalline oxide layers with controlled morphological and physico-chemical properties. Both anatase (A) and rutile (R) crystalline phases of titanium oxide have been shown to promote bioactivity and antimicrobial effects. In a previous study in our laboratories, four electrolyte mixtures were optimized to produce anodized layers on commercially pure titanium consisting of specific anatase and rutile oxide ratios at an endpoint forming voltage of 180 V.;In the present study, changes that occurred in the anodized layers with increasing forming voltage including crystallinity, thickness, surface morphology, surface roughness, surface chemistry, fractal dimension, shear strength, and corrosion resistance were determined for each of these electrolytes. The results showed the crystallinity, thickness, surface pore sizes, and surface roughness increased with increasing forming voltage. Incorporation of phosphorus into the anodized layers was shown in phosphoric acid containing electrolytes at higher forming voltages. Decreases in corrosion resistance were also shown at higher forming voltages in each electrolyte due to increased pore interconnectivity within the anodized layers. In addition, the apatite inducing ability of anodized layers in SBF was examined for selected forming voltages in each electrolyte. Anodization in phosphoric acid containing electrolytes was shown to be more favorable for apatite formation.;The streptococcal and MRSA bacterial attachment before and after UV treatments was determined for selected forming voltages in each electrolyte. Additionally, the killing efficacy after 10-minute pre-irradiation with UVA or UVC treatments was determined. UVA treatments showed trends of at least a 20% reduction in bacterial attachment regardless of the crystallinity within the oxide for S. sanguinis. The anodized layer with an approximately equal distribution of anatase and rutile phases showed bacterial killing efficacy over 50% for S. sanguinis and over 80% for MRSA after UVA or UVC treatments.;Finally, two forming voltage sample groups in two of the electrolytes were examined for MC3T3E-1 cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Total intracellular protein content, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteocalcin (OCN) activity, and cellular mineralization were investigated for different time periods up to 21 days. All sample groups showed suitable cellular proliferation, differentiation, and maturation but those anodized in the phosphoric acid containing electrolyte showed delayed proliferation and early differentiation and maturation. Also, anodized samples containing at least 50% anatase were shown to produce higher osteoblast mineralization compared to majority rutile phase anodized layers.
機(jī)譯：鈦及其合金由于具有良好的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度，化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性和生物相容性，因此經(jīng)常用于牙科和整形外科植入物中。這些性能可以通過(guò)表面處理（例如陽(yáng)極氧化處理）來(lái)進(jìn)一步改善，這些處理可以變得更厚并產(chǎn)生具有受控的形態(tài)和物理化學(xué)特性的結(jié)晶氧化物層。氧化鈦的銳鈦礦（A）和金紅石（R）晶相均已顯示出可促進(jìn)生物活性和抗菌作用。在我們實(shí)驗(yàn)室的先前研究中，對(duì)四種電解質(zhì)混合物進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，以在商業(yè)純鈦上產(chǎn)生陽(yáng)極氧化層，該陽(yáng)極層由特定的銳鈦礦和金紅石氧化物比例構(gòu)成，形成終點(diǎn)電壓為180 V;在本研究中，陽(yáng)極氧化發(fā)生的變化對(duì)于這些電解質(zhì)中的每一種，確定具有增加的形成電壓的層，所述形成電壓包括結(jié)晶度，厚度，表面形態(tài)，表面粗糙度，表面化學(xué)，分形尺寸，剪切強(qiáng)度和耐腐蝕性。結(jié)果表明，結(jié)晶度，厚度，表面孔徑和表面粗糙度隨成形電壓的增加而增加。在較高的形成電壓下，在含磷酸的電解質(zhì)中顯示了將磷摻入陽(yáng)極氧化層中。由于在陽(yáng)極氧化層內(nèi)增加的孔互連性，在每種電解質(zhì)中較高的形成電壓下也顯示出耐腐蝕性的降低。另外，檢查了SBF中陽(yáng)極氧化層的磷灰石誘導(dǎo)能力，以選擇每種電解質(zhì)中的形成電壓。結(jié)果表明，在含磷酸的電解質(zhì)中進(jìn)行陽(yáng)極氧化處理更有利于磷灰石的形成。確定每種電解質(zhì)中選定的形成電壓，確定紫外線處理前后的鏈球菌和MRSA細(xì)菌附著。另外，測(cè)定了用UVA或UVC處理預(yù)照射10分鐘后的殺滅效力。 UVA處理顯示出細(xì)菌附著減少至少20％的趨勢(shì)，無(wú)論血紅鏈球菌的氧化物中的結(jié)晶度如何。在UVA或UVC處理后，具有銳鈦礦相和金紅石相大致相等分布的陽(yáng)極氧化層對(duì)Sanguinis的殺滅效力超過(guò)50％，對(duì)MRSA的殺滅作用超過(guò)80％。檢查了MC3T3E-1細(xì)胞的附著，增殖和分化情況。調(diào)查了長(zhǎng)達(dá)21天的不同時(shí)間段內(nèi)的總細(xì)胞內(nèi)蛋白質(zhì)含量，堿性磷酸酶（ALP）活性，骨鈣素（OCN）活性和細(xì)胞礦化。所有樣品組均顯示出合適的細(xì)胞增殖，分化和成熟，但在含磷酸的電解質(zhì)中進(jìn)行陽(yáng)極氧化的樣品則顯示出延遲的增殖以及早期分化和成熟。同樣，與大多數(shù)金紅石相陽(yáng)極氧化層相比，包含至少50％銳鈦礦的陽(yáng)極氧化樣品顯示出更高的成骨細(xì)胞礦化作用。

著錄項(xiàng)

  • 作者

    Jain, Sakshi.;

  • 作者單位

    The University of Mississippi Medical Center.;

  • 授予單位 The University of Mississippi Medical Center.;
  • 學(xué)科 Materials science.;Dentistry.;Health sciences.
  • 學(xué)位 M.S.
  • 年度 2017
  • 頁(yè)碼 197 p.
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù) 197
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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