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首頁> 外文學(xué)位 >Quantifying seasonal variations in continental surface water storage using a catchment-based hydrologic and routing modeling system (CHARMS) with explicit surface water bodies.
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Quantifying seasonal variations in continental surface water storage using a catchment-based hydrologic and routing modeling system (CHARMS) with explicit surface water bodies.

機(jī)譯：使用基于流域的水文和路徑建模系統(tǒng)（CHARMS）并使用明確的地表水體來量化大陸地表水儲量的季節(jié)性變化。

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This dissertation is a part of the long-term research towards quantifying the magnitude of spatial and temporal variations in global surface water storage and understanding the role of surface water bodies in coupled Earth system processes. Towards these objectives, a hydrologic catchment-based land surface modeling system with explicit surface water bodies was developed. The grid-based National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Land Model (CLM) was modified to run on a catchment-based modeling template. The catchment-based CLM was coupled to a catchment-based river routing model, described in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, which simulates the movement of water through river channels and floodplains. The overall framework, called the Catchment-based Hydrologic And Routing Modeling System (CHARMS), was implemented over the Wabash River basin in Central United States (drainage area ∼72000 km2) and over the Tocantins river basin in Brazil (drainage area ∼750000 km2). Evaluation of the proposed surface water satellite mission, called Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT), to monitor hydraulic variables on a global scale is presented in Chapter 4. Simulated river stage data from the LISFLOOD-FP floodplain hydraulics model was used by a computer simulator of the proposed SWOT satellite to generate "virtual" observations of stage in the Ohio River Basin with a spatial resolution of 50 m, a temporal frequency of ∼8 days, and an average accuracy of +/-3 cm. These "virtual" observations of stage were used to analyze the measurement error and also to estimate hydraulic variables such as temporal variability in stage (dh/dt), free surface slope (dh/dx) and discharge (Q) at selected cross sections.;Simulated daily and monthly streamflow from CHARMS was validated using observations of streamflow at various locations in the Wabash River Basin and the Tocantins River Basin. Simulated monthly total water storage was validated using observations from the GRACE satellite mission. Using SRTM-derived and empirically-based channel cross-section profile information, CHARMS was used to estimate depth and floodplain inundation extent associated with the simulated discharge. A global application of CHARMS requires further analysis of the methods used to obtain cross-section profile information. This study is the first of its kind to utilize information on river flow paths and river channel cross-section geometry and explicitly simulate depth and inundation extent associated with discharge in river channels, all within a land surface model in a global climate modeling framework. The CHARMS framework will ultimately enable assimilation of satellite observations of surface water heights and inundation extents, the incorporation of water management practices such as reservoir storage, linkages to biogeochemical processes and related feedbacks to climate. The proposed SWOT satellite mission presents a plethora of opportunities to address several questions critical to the hydrologic and Earth system communities. For a robust evaluation of the proposed SWOT mission the analysis presented here needs to be extended for a longer time period and to other river basins. By demonstrating the monitoring potential of SWOT, this study serves to strengthen the case for a surface water satellite mission.
機(jī)譯：這篇論文是長期研究的一部分，旨在量化全球地表水儲量的時空變化幅度，并了解地表水體在地球系統(tǒng)耦合過程中的作用。為了實現(xiàn)這些目標(biāo)，開發(fā)了基于水文集水的具有明確地表水體的地表建模系統(tǒng)。修改了基于網(wǎng)格的美國國家大氣研究中心（NCAR）社區(qū)土地模型（CLM），使其在基于集水區(qū)的建模模板上運(yùn)行?；诩畢^(qū)的CLM與基于集水區(qū)的河道模型相結(jié)合，如第2章和第3章所述，該模型模擬水在河道和漫灘中的流動。在美國中部的瓦巴什河流域（流域?72000 km2）和巴西的托坎丁斯流域（流域?750000 km2）上實施了稱為流域水文和路徑模型系統(tǒng)（CHARMS）的總體框架。 ）。第4章介紹了對擬議的地表水衛(wèi)星任務(wù)的評估，該任務(wù)稱為地表水和海洋地形（SWOT），以在全球范圍內(nèi)監(jiān)測水力變量。來自LISFLOOD-FP洪泛區(qū)水力學(xué)模型的模擬河段數(shù)據(jù)被計算機(jī)使用。擬議中的SWOT衛(wèi)星的仿真器可以生成“虛擬”俄亥俄河流域地貌觀測結(jié)果，其空間分辨率為50 m，時間頻率約為8天，平均精度為+/- 3 cm。這些對階段的“虛擬”觀察被用來分析測量誤差，并估計水力變量，例如階段的時間變化（dh / dt），自由表面斜率（dh / dx）和選定截面處的流量（Q）。 ；使用Wabash流域和Tocantins流域各個位置的觀測資料，對CHARMS的模擬日流量和月流量進(jìn)行了驗證。使用GRACE衛(wèi)星任務(wù)的觀測結(jié)果驗證了模擬的每月總儲水量。利用SRTM派生和基于經(jīng)驗的通道橫截面剖面信息，CHARMS用于估算與模擬流量相關(guān)的深度和洪泛區(qū)淹沒程度。 CHARMS的全球應(yīng)用要求進(jìn)一步分析用于獲得橫截面輪廓信息的方法。這項研究是首次利用全球氣候建模框架中的陸地表面模型，利用有關(guān)河流流動路徑和河流通道橫截面幾何形狀的信息，并明確模擬與河流通道排放相關(guān)的深度和淹沒程度。 CHARMS框架最終將使衛(wèi)星對地表水高度和淹沒程度的觀測結(jié)果同化，并納入水管理做法，例如水庫存儲，與生物地球化學(xué)過程的聯(lián)系以及對氣候的相關(guān)反饋。擬議的SWOT衛(wèi)星任務(wù)為解決對水文和地球系統(tǒng)界至關(guān)重要的幾個問題提供了很多機(jī)會。為了對擬議的SWOT任務(wù)進(jìn)行有力的評估，此處介紹的分析需要延長更長的時間，并擴(kuò)展到其他流域。通過展示SWOT的監(jiān)測潛力，本研究有助于加強(qiáng)地面水衛(wèi)星任務(wù)的依據(jù)。

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