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首頁(yè)> 外文學(xué)位 >Democracy and revolution: The Athenian political system and the Anglo-American constitutional struggle.
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Democracy and revolution: The Athenian political system and the Anglo-American constitutional struggle.

機(jī)譯：民主與革命：雅典的政治體系和英美憲法斗爭(zhēng)。

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Athens was a democracy: the collective demos ruled in this ancient state.;The people of medieval England, on the other hand, were ruled by hereditary kings. However, resistance to the monarch on the part of the English elite developed by the beginning of the thirteenth century and grew in the succeeding centuries.;Toward the end of the middle ages, as a result of a European-wide intellectual awakening, an issue of fierce contention came to occupy the center stage of politics: religion. It was around this issue that the Parliamentarians in time rose to challenge the monarch, thereby attacking the very system of government. The subjects won the ensuing contest with their sovereign, permanently taking over from him the ultimate reins of state.;The new system was the parliamentary, or representative, system. It was through this institutional vehicle that the elite now ruled. It was not until the late nineteenth century that a profound movement challenging the prevailing regime arose in either of the two major English-speaking countries, and this was due to a runaway corporate industrialization of the U.S. economy. The most significant reform sought and gained by the American Progressives was the introduction of "direct democracy"--the initiative and referendum. But, on the whole, the constitution of the United States was not dramatically changed. The system, like its parliamentary cousin, continued--and continues in the present--to be an oligarchy. There has not as yet been any attempt anywhere to resurrect the historical model of true democracy--that of Athens.
機(jī)譯：雅典是一個(gè)民主國(guó)家：在這個(gè)古老的州統(tǒng)治著集體的民主；另一方面，中世紀(jì)的英格蘭人民則由世襲的國(guó)王統(tǒng)治。然而，在13世紀(jì)初，對(duì)英國(guó)君主的抵抗逐漸發(fā)展起來(lái)，并在隨后的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)中逐漸增強(qiáng)。；到中世紀(jì)末期，由于歐洲范圍內(nèi)知識(shí)分子的覺(jué)醒，這成為一個(gè)問(wèn)題激烈的爭(zhēng)奪占據(jù)了政治的中心舞臺(tái)：宗教。圍繞這個(gè)問(wèn)題，國(guó)會(huì)議員及時(shí)起來(lái)挑戰(zhàn)君主，從而攻擊了政府這一制度。臣民們與他們的主權(quán)者贏得了隨之而來(lái)的較量，永久地從他手中接管了國(guó)家的最終控制權(quán)。新制度是議會(huì)制或代表制。精英們現(xiàn)在正是通過(guò)這種制度手段來(lái)統(tǒng)治的。直到19世紀(jì)末，兩個(gè)主要英語(yǔ)國(guó)家中的任何一個(gè)都發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)挑戰(zhàn)現(xiàn)行政權(quán)的深刻運(yùn)動(dòng)，這是由于美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的公司工業(yè)化失控。美國(guó)進(jìn)步主義者尋求和獲得的最重要的改革是引入了“直接民主”，即倡議和全民公決。但是，總的來(lái)說(shuō)，美國(guó)的憲法并未發(fā)生重大變化。該系統(tǒng)與其議會(huì)堂兄一樣，繼續(xù)（并一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）成為寡頭。迄今為止，還沒(méi)有任何嘗試恢復(fù)真正民主的歷史模式-雅典的歷史模式。

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  • 作者

    Aranda, Ted.;

  • 作者單位

    University of Illinois at Chicago.;

  • 授予單位 University of Illinois at Chicago.;
  • 學(xué)科 History European.;History United States.;History Ancient.;History Modern.
  • 學(xué)位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 頁(yè)碼 419 p.
  • 總頁(yè)數(shù) 419
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文語(yǔ)種 eng
  • 中圖分類 遙感技術(shù);
  • 關(guān)鍵詞

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