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‘By Merit Raised to That Bad Eminence’: Christopher Merrett Artisanal Knowledge and Professional Reform in Restoration London

機譯:通過功績被提升到不良的地位:克里斯托弗·梅雷特(Christopher Merrett)手工知識和倫敦修復專業(yè)改革

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摘要

This article examines the career and reform agenda of Christopher Merrett as a means of evaluating the changing conditions of medical knowledge production in late seventeenth-century London. This period was characterised by increasing competition between medical practitioners, resulting from the growing consumer demand for medical commodities and services, the reduced ability of elite physicians to control medical practice, and the appearance of alternative methods of producing medical knowledge – particularly experimental methods. This competition resulted in heated exchanges between physicians, apothecaries, and virtuosi, in which Merrett played an active part. As a prominent member of both the Royal Society and the Royal College of Physicians, Merrett sought to mediate between the two institutions by introducing professional reforms designed to alleviate competition and improve medical knowledge.These reforms entailed sweeping changes to medical regulation and education that integrated the traditional reliance on Galenic principles with knowledge derived from experiment and artisanal practices. The emphasis Merrett placed on the trades suggests the important role artisanal knowledge played in his efforts to reorganise medicine and improve knowledge of bodily processes.
機譯:本文探討了克里斯托弗·梅雷特(Christopher Merrett)的職業(yè)和改革議程,以此作為評估17世紀后期倫敦醫(yī)學知識生產(chǎn)變化狀況的一種手段。這段時期的特點是,由于消費者對醫(yī)療商品和服務的需求不斷增長,精英醫(yī)師控制醫(yī)療實踐的能力下降以及出現(xiàn)了產(chǎn)生醫(yī)學知識的替代方法(尤其是實驗方法)的出現(xiàn),醫(yī)療從業(yè)者之間的競爭日益加劇。這場比賽導致醫(yī)生,藥劑師和維羅托人之間進行了激烈的交流,梅雷特(Merrett)參與其中。作為英國皇家學會和英國皇家醫(yī)師學院的杰出成員,梅雷特(Merrett)試圖通過引入旨在減輕競爭和提高醫(yī)學知識的專業(yè)改革來在這兩個機構(gòu)之間進行調(diào)解。傳統(tǒng)上依賴蓋倫斯原理,并從實驗和手工實踐中獲得知識。 Merrett對行業(yè)的重視表明,手工知識在他重組醫(yī)學和改善身體過程的知識中發(fā)揮了重要作用。

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