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Emergence and repeatability of leadership and coordinated motion in fish shoals

機(jī)譯：魚群中領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)的出現(xiàn)和可重復(fù)性

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Studies of self-organizing groups like schools of fish or flocks of birds have sought to uncover the behavioral rules individuals use (local-level interactions) to coordinate their motion (global-level patterns). However, empirical studies tend to focus on short-term or one-off observations where coordination has already been established or describe transitions between different coordinated states. As a result, we have a poor understanding of how behavioral rules develop and are maintained in groups. Here, we study the emergence and repeatability of coordinated motion in shoals of stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Shoals were introduced to a simple environment, where their spatio-temporal position was deduced via video analysis. Using directional correlation between fish velocities and wavelet analysis of fish positions, we demonstrate how shoals that are initially uncoordinated in their motion quickly transition to a coordinated state with defined individual leader-follower roles. The identities of leaders and followers were repeatable across two trials, and coordination was reached more quickly during the second trial and by groups of fish with higher activity levels (tested before trials). The rapid emergence of coordinated motion and repeatability of social roles in stickleback fish shoals may act to reduce uncertainty of social interactions in the wild, where individuals live in a system with high fission-fusion dynamics and non-random patterns of association.
機(jī)譯：對(duì)魚群或鳥群等自組織群體的研究試圖揭示個(gè)體使用的行為規(guī)則（局部層面的互動(dòng)）來協(xié)調(diào)他們的運(yùn)動(dòng)（全局層面的模式）。然而，實(shí)證研究往往側(cè)重于已經(jīng)建立協(xié)調(diào)的短期或一次性觀察，或描述不同協(xié)調(diào)狀態(tài)之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。因此，我們對(duì)行為規(guī)則如何在群體中發(fā)展和維護(hù)的理解不足。在這里，我們研究了粘背魚 （Gasterosteus aculeatus） 魚群中協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)的出現(xiàn)和可重復(fù)性。淺灘被引入一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的環(huán)境，在那里通過視頻分析推斷出它們的時(shí)空位置。利用魚群速度之間的方向相關(guān)性和魚群位置的小波分析，我們展示了最初運(yùn)動(dòng)不協(xié)調(diào)的淺灘如何迅速過渡到具有定義的個(gè)體領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者-跟隨者角色的協(xié)調(diào)狀態(tài)。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者和追隨者的身份在兩次試驗(yàn)中是可重復(fù)的，并且在第二次試驗(yàn)期間和活動(dòng)水平較高的魚群（試驗(yàn)前測(cè)試）更快地達(dá)成協(xié)調(diào)。粘背魚群中協(xié)調(diào)運(yùn)動(dòng)的快速出現(xiàn)和社會(huì)角色的可重復(fù)性可能有助于減少野外社會(huì)互動(dòng)的不確定性，其中個(gè)體生活在具有高裂變-聚變動(dòng)力學(xué)和非隨機(jī)關(guān)聯(lián)模式的系統(tǒng)中。

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