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Volatile fatty acid and aldehyde abundances evolve with behavior and habitat temperature in Sceloporus lizards

機(jī)譯：Sceloporus 蜥蜴的揮發(fā)性脂肪酸和醛豐度隨行為和棲息地溫度而演變

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Animal signals evolve by striking a balance between the need to convey information through particular habitats and the limitations of what types of signals can most easily be produced and perceived. Here, we present new results from field measures of undisturbed behavior and biochemical analyses of scent marks from 12 species of Sceloporus lizards to explore whether evolutionary changes in chemical composition are better predicted by measures of species behavior, particularly those associated with visual displays, chemoreception, and locomotion, or by measures of habitat climate (precipitation and temperature). We found that more active lizard species used fewer compounds in their volatile scent marks, perhaps conveying less specific information about individual and species identity. Scent marks from more active lizard species also had higher proportions of saturated fatty acids, and the evolution of these compounds has been tracking the phylogeny closely as we would expect for a metabolic byproduct. In contrast, the proportions of unsaturated fatty acids were better explained by evolutionary shifts in habitat temperature (and not precipitation), with species in warmer climates using almost no volatile unsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of aldehydes was explained by both behavior and environment, decreasing with behavioral activity and increasing with habitat temperature. Our results highlight the evolutionary flexibility of complex chemical signals, with different chemical compounds responding to different elements of the selective landscape over evolutionary time.
機(jī)譯：動物信號通過在通過特定棲息地傳遞信息的需求與最容易產(chǎn)生和感知的信號類型的限制之間取得平衡而進(jìn)化。在這里，我們展示了對 12 種 Sceloporus 蜥蜴的未受干擾行為的現(xiàn)場測量和氣味標(biāo)記的生化分析的新結(jié)果，以探索化學(xué)成分的進(jìn)化變化是否可以通過物種行為的測量來更好地預(yù)測化學(xué)成分的進(jìn)化變化，特別是那些與視覺展示、化學(xué)感受和運(yùn)動相關(guān)的物種行為，或通過棲息地氣候（降水和溫度）的測量。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，更活躍的蜥蜴物種在其揮發(fā)性氣味標(biāo)記中使用較少的化合物，可能傳達(dá)的關(guān)于個體和物種身份的具體信息較少。來自更活躍的蜥蜴物種的氣味標(biāo)記也具有更高比例的飽和脂肪酸，這些化合物的進(jìn)化一直在密切跟蹤系統(tǒng)發(fā)育，正如我們對代謝副產(chǎn)品的預(yù)期一樣。相比之下，不飽和脂肪酸的比例最好用棲息地溫度（而不是降水）的進(jìn)化變化來解釋，溫暖氣候中的物種幾乎不使用揮發(fā)性不飽和脂肪酸。醛類的比例由行為和環(huán)境共同解釋，醛類的比例隨行為活動的增加而降低，隨生境溫度的增加而增加。我們的結(jié)果突出了復(fù)雜化學(xué)信號的進(jìn)化靈活性，不同的化合物在進(jìn)化過程中響應(yīng)選擇性景觀的不同元素。

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