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Pre-semantically defined temporal windows for cognitive processing

機譯：預(yù)先定義的時間窗用于認知處理

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Neuronal oscillations of different frequencies are hypothesized to be basic for temporal perception; this theoretical concept provides the frame to discuss two temporal mechanisms that are thought to be essential for cognitive processing. One such mechanism operates with periods of oscillations in the range of some tens of milliseconds, and is used for complexity reduction of temporally and spatially distributed neuronal activities. Experimental evidence comes from studies on temporal-order threshold, choice reaction time, single-cell activities, evoked responses in neuronal populations or latency distributions of oculomotor responses. The other mechanism refers to pre-semantic integration in the temporal range of approximately 2–3 s. Experimental evidence comes from studies on temporal reproduction, sensorimotor synchronization, intentional movements, speech segmentation, the shift rate of ambiguous stimuli in the visual or auditory modality or the temporal modulation of the mismatch negativity. These different observations indicate the existence of a universal process of temporal integration underlying the mental machinery. This process is believed to be basic for maintenance and change of perceptual identity. Owing to the omnipresence of this kind of temporal segmentation, it is suggested to use this process for a pragmatic definition of the states of being conscious or the ‘subjective presence’.
機譯：假設(shè)不同頻率的神經(jīng)元振蕩是暫時知覺的基礎(chǔ)。這一理論概念為討論兩個認知機制必不可少的時間機制提供了框架。一種這樣的機制以幾十毫秒范圍內(nèi)的振蕩周期進行操作，并且用于減少時間和空間分布的神經(jīng)元活動的復(fù)雜性。實驗證據(jù)來自對時間順序閾值，選擇反應(yīng)時間，單細胞活動，神經(jīng)元群體中誘發(fā)的反應(yīng)或動眼反應(yīng)潛伏期分布的研究。另一種機制是在大約2–3 s的時間范圍內(nèi)進行語義前整合。實驗證據(jù)來自以下方面的研究：時間復(fù)制，感覺運動同步，故意運動，語音分割，視覺或聽覺模態(tài)中模棱兩可的刺激的移位率或失配負性的時間調(diào)制。這些不同的觀察表明存在心理機制基礎(chǔ)的時間整合的普遍過程。據(jù)信，該過程是維持和改變知覺身份的基礎(chǔ)。由于這種時間分割無所不在，建議將此過程用于對意識狀態(tài)或“主觀存在”狀態(tài)的實用定義。

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