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An Improved Map-Matching Technique Based on the Fréchet Distance Approach for Pedestrian Navigation Services

機(jī)譯：基于Fréchet距離方法的行人導(dǎo)航服務(wù)改進(jìn)的地圖匹配技術(shù)

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Wearable and smartphone technology innovations have propelled the growth of Pedestrian Navigation Services (PNS). PNS need a map-matching process to project a user’s locations onto maps. Many map-matching techniques have been developed for vehicle navigation services. These techniques are inappropriate for PNS because pedestrians move, stop, and turn in different ways compared to vehicles. In addition, the base map data for pedestrians are more complicated than for vehicles. This article proposes a new map-matching method for locating Global Positioning System (GPS) trajectories of pedestrians onto road network datasets. The theory underlying this approach is based on the Fréchet distance, one of the measures of geometric similarity between two curves. The Fréchet distance approach can provide reasonable matching results because two linear trajectories are parameterized with the time variable. Then we improved the method to be adaptive to the positional error of the GPS signal. We used an adaptation coefficient to adjust the search range for every input signal, based on the assumption of auto-correlation between consecutive GPS points. To reduce errors in matching, the reliability index was evaluated in real time for each match. To test the proposed map-matching method, we applied it to GPS trajectories of pedestrians and the road network data. We then assessed the performance by comparing the results with reference datasets. Our proposed method performed better with test data when compared to a conventional map-matching technique for vehicles.
機(jī)譯：可穿戴和智能手機(jī)技術(shù)的創(chuàng)新推動了行人導(dǎo)航服務(wù)（PNS）的增長。 PNS需要地圖匹配過程，才能將用戶的位置投影到地圖上。已經(jīng)為車輛導(dǎo)航服務(wù)開發(fā)了許多地圖匹配技術(shù)。這些技術(shù)不適用于PNS，因?yàn)榕c車輛相比，行人以不同的方式移動，停止和轉(zhuǎn)彎。另外，行人的底圖數(shù)據(jù)比車輛的底圖數(shù)據(jù)復(fù)雜。本文提出了一種新的地圖匹配方法，用于將行人的全球定位系統(tǒng)（GPS）軌跡定位到道路網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)集上。該方法所基于的理論基于Fréchet距離，它是兩條曲線之間的幾何相似度的一種度量。 Fréchet距離方法可以提供合理的匹配結(jié)果，因?yàn)槭褂脮r間變量對兩個線性軌跡進(jìn)行了參數(shù)化。然后，我們改進(jìn)了該方法以適應(yīng)GPS信號的位置誤差。基于連續(xù)GPS點(diǎn)之間的自相關(guān)假設(shè)，我們使用了自適應(yīng)系數(shù)來調(diào)整每個輸入信號的搜索范圍。為了減少匹配中的錯誤，實(shí)時評估了每個匹配的可靠性指標(biāo)。為了測試提出的地圖匹配方法，我們將其應(yīng)用于行人的GPS軌跡和路網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)。然后，我們通過將結(jié)果與參考數(shù)據(jù)集進(jìn)行比較來評估性能。與傳統(tǒng)的車輛地圖匹配技術(shù)相比，我們提出的方法在測試數(shù)據(jù)上表現(xiàn)更好。

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