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Ecotoxicity of Nanoparticles

機譯:納米顆粒的生態(tài)毒性

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摘要

Nanotechnology is a science of producing and utilizing nanosized particles that are measured in nanometers. The unique size-dependent properties make the nanoparticles superior and indispensable as they show unusual physical, chemical, and properties such as conductivity, heat transfer, melting temperature, optical properties, and magnetization. Taking the advantages of these singular properties in order to develop new products is the main purpose of nanotechnology, and that is why it is regarded as “the next industrial revolution.” Although nanotechnology is quite a recent discipline, there have already high number of publications which discuss this topic. However, the safety of nanomaterials is of high priority. Whereas toxicity focuses on human beings and aims at protecting individuals, ecotoxicity looks at various trophic organism levels and intend to protect populations and ecosystems. Ecotoxicity includes natural uptake mechanisms and the influence of environmental factors on bioavailability (and thereby on toxicity). The present paper focuses on the ecotoxic effects and mechanisms of nanomaterials on microorganisms, plants, and other organisms including humans.
機譯:納米技術(shù)是生產(chǎn)和利用以納米為單位的納米級顆粒的科學(xué)。獨特的尺寸依賴性使納米粒子具有優(yōu)越的性能和必不可少的性能,因為它們顯示出不同尋常的物理,化學(xué)和特性,例如電導(dǎo)率,傳熱,熔融溫度,光學(xué)特性和磁化強度。利用這些獨特特性的優(yōu)勢來開發(fā)新產(chǎn)品是納米技術(shù)的主要目的,這就是為什么納米技術(shù)被視為“下一次工業(yè)革命”。盡管納米技術(shù)是一門新興的學(xué)科,但是已經(jīng)有大量討論該主題的出版物。然而,納米材料的安全性是高度優(yōu)先的。毒性著眼于人類并旨在保護個人,而生態(tài)毒性著眼于各種營養(yǎng)生物,旨在保護種群和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。生態(tài)毒性包括自然吸收機制以及環(huán)境因素對生物利用度(進而對毒性)的影響。本文的重點是納米材料對微生物,植物以及包括人類在內(nèi)的其他生物的生態(tài)毒性作用和機理。

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