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Phage therapy of pulmonary infections

機譯：肺部感染的噬菌體療法

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It is generally agreed that a bacteriophage-associated phenomenon was first unambiguously observed one-hundred years ago with the findings of Twort in 1915. This was independently followed by complementary observations by d'Hérelle in 1917. D'Hérelle's appreciation of the bacteriophage phenomenon appears to have directly led to the development of phages as antibacterial agents within a variety of contexts, including medical and agricultural. Phage use to combat nuisance bacteria appears to be especially useful where targets are sufficiently problematic, suitably bactericidal phages exist, and alternative approaches are lacking in effectiveness, availability, safety, or cost effectiveness, etc. Phage development as antibacterial agents has been strongest particularly when antibiotics have been less available or useful, e.g., such as in the treatment of chronic infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. One relatively under-explored or at least not highly reported use of phages as therapeutic agents has been to combat bacterial infections of the lungs and associated tissues. These infections are diverse in terms of their etiologies, manifestations, and also in terms of potential strategies of phage delivery. Here I review the literature considering the phage therapy of pulmonary and pulmonary-related infections, with emphasis on reports of clinical treatment along with experimental treatment of pulmonary infections using animal models.
機譯：人們普遍同意，與細菌噬菌體相關(guān)的現(xiàn)象最早是在一百年前的Twort在1915年的發(fā)現(xiàn)中被明確觀察到的。隨后，d'Hérelle于1917年獨立地進行了補充觀察。在許多情況下，包括醫(yī)學和農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域，直接導致了噬菌體作為抗菌劑的發(fā)展。在靶標存在足夠問題，存在適當?shù)臍⒕删w且缺乏替代方法缺乏有效性，可用性，安全性或成本效益等的情況下，使用噬菌體對抗有害細菌似乎特別有用。作為抗菌劑的噬菌體發(fā)展最強，特別是當抗生素的可獲得性或?qū)嵱眯暂^差，例如在治療由抗生素抗性細菌引起的慢性感染中。噬菌體作為治療劑的一種相對未開發(fā)或至少沒有高度報道的用途是對抗肺部和相關(guān)組織的細菌感染。這些感染的病因，表現(xiàn)形式以及潛在的噬菌體傳播策略都各不相同。在這里，我回顧了考慮噬菌體治療肺部和肺部相關(guān)感染的文獻，重點是臨床報告以及使用動物模型對肺部感染進行實驗性治療的報道。

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