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Expanding application of the Wiggers diagram to teach cardiovascular physiology

機譯：Wiggers圖的擴展應用范圍可教授心血管生理學

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Dr. Carl Wiggers' careful observations have provided a meaningful resource for students to learn how the heart works. Throughout the many years from his initial reports, the Wiggers diagram has been used, in various degrees of complexity, as a fundamental tool for cardiovascular instruction. Often, the various electrical and mechanical plots are the novice learner's first exposure to simulated data. As the various temporal relationships throughout a heartbeat could simply be memorized, the challenge for the cardiovascular instructor is to engage the learner so the underlying mechanisms governing the changing electrical and mechanical events are truly understood. Based on experience, we suggest some additions to the Wiggers diagram that are not commonly used to enhance cardiovascular pedagogy. For example, these additions could be, but are not limited to, introducing the concept of energy waves and their role in influencing pressure and flow in health and disease. Also, integrating concepts of exercise physiology, and the differences in cardiac function and hemodynamics between an elite athlete and normal subject, can have a profound impact on student engagement. In describing the relationship between electrical and mechanical events, the instructor may find the introduction of premature ventricular contractions as a useful tool to further understanding of this important principle. It is our hope that these examples can aid cardiovascular instructors to engage their learners and promote fundamental understanding at the expense of simple memorization.
機譯：卡爾·威格斯博士的仔細觀察為學生學習心臟如何運作提供了有意義的資源。從他的初次報告開始的許多年中，維格斯圖已經(jīng)以不同程度的復雜性被用作心血管教學的基??本工具。通常，各種電氣和機械圖是新手學習者第一次接觸模擬數(shù)據(jù)。由于可以簡單地記住整個心跳的各種時間關系，因此心血管教練面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是讓學習者參與進來，從而真正理解控制變化的電氣和機械事件的潛在機制。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗，我們建議在Wiggers圖中添加一些不常用來增強心血管教育的方法。例如，這些增加可以是但不限于引入能量波的概念及其在健康和疾病中影響壓力和流量的作用。而且，整合運動生理學的概念以及精英運動員與正常受試者之間的心功能和血液動力學的差異可能會對學生的參與產(chǎn)生深遠影響。在描述電氣事件和機械事件之間的關系時，教師可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)引入室性早搏是進一步理解這一重要原理的有用工具。我們希望這些例子可以幫助心血管教練吸引他們的學習者，并以簡單的記憶為代價促進基本的理解。

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