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首頁> 美國衛(wèi)生研究院文獻>Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences >Between Bench and Bedside: Building Clinical Consensus at the NIH 1977–2013
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Between Bench and Bedside: Building Clinical Consensus at the NIH 1977–2013

機譯:在工作臺和床頭之間:建立美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院的臨床共識1977–2013年

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摘要

After World War II, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) emerged as a major patron of biomedical research. In the succeeding decades, NIH administrators sought to determine how best to disseminate the findings of the research it supported and manage their relationship with clinicians in the national community. This task of bridging research and practice fell to the Office of Medical Applications of Research (OMAR), which administered the NIH Consensus Development Program (CDP) between 1978 and 2012. This article argues that the CDP represented an unusual attempt to depoliticize biomedical research and medical practice at a particularly controversial time in American medicine. Throughout the program’s existence, administrators sought ways to bring new knowledge to the medical community without creating the appearance of regulating clinical practice. For an agency with a mandate to promote the production of new biomedical knowledge, the question remained open as to how far this responsibility extended from the bench to the bedside. In striking this balance, the leadership sought to refine their understanding of the role and mission of the NIH. The history of the CDP has much to tell us about postwar biomedical research, health politics, and the institutional development of the NIH.
機譯:第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院(NIH)成為生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究的主要贊助者。在隨后的幾十年中,NIH管理員試圖確定如何最好地傳播其支持的研究結(jié)果,并管理他們與國家社區(qū)中臨床醫(yī)生的關(guān)系。將研究與實踐聯(lián)系起來的任務(wù)落在了醫(yī)學(xué)研究應(yīng)用辦公室(OMAR)上,該辦公室在1978年至2012年之間管理著NIH共識發(fā)展計劃(CDP)。本文認(rèn)為CDP是將生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究非政治化的不尋常嘗試,并且在美國醫(yī)學(xué)界特別有爭議的時期進行醫(yī)學(xué)實踐。在該計劃存在的整個過程中,管理員一直在設(shè)法將新知識帶給醫(yī)學(xué)界,而又沒有出現(xiàn)規(guī)范臨床實踐的模樣。對于授權(quán)促進新的生物醫(yī)學(xué)知識產(chǎn)生的機構(gòu)而言,關(guān)于這一責(zé)任從工作臺延伸到床邊的范圍仍然存在疑問。為了實現(xiàn)這種平衡,領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層尋求加深對NIH的作用和使命的理解。 CDP的歷史足以告訴我們有關(guān)戰(zhàn)后生物醫(yī)學(xué)研究,健康政治以及NIH的機構(gòu)發(fā)展的信息。

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