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首頁> 美國衛(wèi)生研究院文獻>Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences >The Limits of Autonomy: The Belmont Report and the History of Childhood
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The Limits of Autonomy: The Belmont Report and the History of Childhood

機譯：自治的局限性：貝爾蒙特報告和童年歷史

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This article examines the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research recommendations on children as research subjects in the context of the history of American childhood. The Commission's deliberations took place during the post-World War II period of rapid changes in understandings of childhood and adolescence, brought on in part by school children's highly visible roles as risk-taking protagonists in the polio vaccine trials and the civil rights movement; by the children's rights movement and court decisions granting children and adolescents greater autonomy in divorce cases and in delinquency and mental health hearings, among other rights; and finally by a renewed movement for child protection led by parents of disabled children and by polio survivors themselves. The National Commission's final recommendations emphasized the need for parents to approve, for children above age seven to assent to research, and for children in special care (either medical, psychiatric, or because they were orphans or had committed juvenile crimes) generally to be subjects of research only if there was some direct connection between the reasons for their special care and the objectives of the research. Ultimately, in these recommendations, the National Commission charted a middle ground between the children's rights movement, which advocated enhanced self-determination for children, and the disability rights movement, which urged greater protection for children.
機譯：本文研究了美國生物醫(yī)學和行為研究的國家人類保護委員會關于在美國童年歷史背景下將兒童作為研究對象的建議。委員會的審議是在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后對兒童和青少年的理解迅速變化的時期進行的，部分原因是小學生在小兒麻痹癥疫苗試驗和民權運動中扮演冒險主角的作用非常明顯；通過兒童權利運動和法院判決，除其他權利外，在離婚案件，犯罪和心理健康聽證會上賦予兒童和青少年更大的自主權；最后是由殘疾兒童父母和小兒麻痹癥幸存者自己領導的新的兒童保護運動。全國委員會的最終建議強調，通常需要父母批準，七歲以上的孩子同意研究，以及特殊護理（醫(yī)學，精神病學或因為他們是孤兒或犯有少年罪行）的兒童只有在特殊照顧的原因與研究目標之間存在直接聯(lián)系時，才能進行研究。最終，在這些建議中，國家委員會在倡導加強對兒童的自決權的兒童權利運動與敦促對兒童提供更多保護的殘疾人權利運動之間劃出了中間立場。

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