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Globular cluster formation and evolution in the context of cosmological galaxy assembly: open questions

機譯:宇宙星系集合背景下的球狀星團形成和演化:懸而未決的問題

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摘要

We discuss some of the key open questions regarding the formation and evolution of globular clusters (GCs) during galaxy formation and assembly within a cosmological framework. The current state of the art for both observations and simulations is described, and we briefly mention directions for future research. The oldest GCs have ages greater than or equal to 12.5 Gyr and formed around the time of reionization. Resolved colour-magnitude diagrams of Milky Way GCs and direct imaging of lensed proto-GCs at z∼6 with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) promise further insight. GCs are known to host multiple populations of stars with variations in their chemical abundances. Recently, such multiple populations have been detected in ∼2 Gyr old compact, massive star clusters. This suggests a common, single pathway for the formation of GCs at high and low redshift. The shape of the initial mass function for GCs remains unknown; however, for massive galaxies a power-law mass function is favoured. Significant progress has been made recently modelling GC formation in the context of galaxy formation, with success in reproducing many of the observed GC-galaxy scaling relations.
機譯:我們討論了在宇宙學(xué)框架內(nèi)有關(guān)星系形成和組裝過程中球狀星團(GC)的形成和演化的一些關(guān)鍵開放問題。描述了觀測和模擬的當(dāng)前技術(shù)水平,我們簡要提及了未來研究的方向。最老的GC年齡大于或等于12.5 Gyr,并且在電離時左右形成。解析的銀河系GC的色度圖和帶透鏡的原始GC的詹姆士·韋伯太空望遠鏡(JWST)在z?6處直接成像有望獲得進一步的了解。眾所周知,GC可以容納多個恒星,它們的化學(xué)豐度會發(fā)生變化。最近,在?2 Gyr的緊湊型大質(zhì)量星團中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這樣的多種群。這表明在高和低紅移下形成GC的常見單一途徑。 GC的初始質(zhì)量函數(shù)的形狀仍然未知。但是,對于大型星系來說,冪律質(zhì)量函數(shù)是有利的。最近,在銀河系形成背景下對GC形成進行建模已經(jīng)取得了重大進展,并成功地再現(xiàn)了許多觀察到的GC-銀河系縮放關(guān)系。

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