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首頁> 美國衛(wèi)生研究院文獻>other >Trying to See the Forest through the Trees: Deciphering the Nature of Memory Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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Trying to See the Forest through the Trees: Deciphering the Nature of Memory Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis

機譯：試圖通過樹林看森林：解讀結(jié)核分枝桿菌的免疫記憶的本質(zhì)

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The purpose of vaccination against tuberculosis and other diseases is to establish a heightened state of acquired specific resistance in which the memory immune response is capable of mediating an accelerated and magnified expression of protection to the pathogen when this is encountered at a later time. In the earliest studies in mice infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, memory immunity and the cells that express this were definable both in terms of kinetics of emergence, and soon thereafter by the levels of expression of markers including CD44, CD62L, and the chemokine receptor CCR7, allowing the identification of effector memory and central memory T cell subsets. Despite these initial advances in knowledge, more recent information has not revealed more clarity, but instead, has created a morass of complications—complications that, if not resolved, could harm correct vaccine design. Here, we discuss two central issues. The first is that we have always assumed that memory is induced in the same way, and consists of the same T cells, regardless of whether that immunity is generated by BCG vaccination, or by exposure to M. tuberculosis followed by effective chemotherapy. This assumption is almost certainly incorrect. Second, a myriad of additional memory subsets have now been described, such as resident, stem cell-like, tissue specific, among others, but as yet we know nothing about the relative importance of each, or whether if a new vaccine needs to induce all of these, or just some, to be fully effective.
機譯：預防結(jié)核病和其他疾病的疫苗接種的目的是建立獲得性特異抗性的增強狀態(tài)，其中記憶免疫反應能夠在以后遇到時介導對病原體的保護作用的加速和放大表達。在最早感染結(jié)核分枝桿菌的小鼠中的研究中，記憶免疫力和表達記憶力的細胞既可以在出現(xiàn)動力學方面確定，也可以在此后不久通過包括CD44，CD62L和趨化因子受體CCR7在內(nèi)的標志物的表達水平來確定，可以識別效應記憶和中央記憶T細胞亞群。盡管在知識上取得了這些最初的進步，但最新的信息并沒有顯示出更多的清晰度，而是造成了一大堆并發(fā)癥-如果不解決這些并發(fā)癥，可能會損害正確的疫苗設計。在這里，我們討論兩個核心問題。首先，我們一直認為記憶是由相同的方式誘導的，并且由相同的T細胞組成，而不管免疫是通過BCG疫苗接種，暴露于結(jié)核分枝桿菌然后進行有效的化學療法產(chǎn)生的。這個假設幾乎可以肯定是錯誤的。第二，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)描述了無數(shù)的其他記憶子集，例如常駐，干細胞樣，組織特異性等，但是到目前為止，我們還不了解每種記憶的相對重要性，或者是否需要誘導新疫苗所有這些，或者只是其中的一些，都是完全有效的。

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