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Persistence of Contrasting Traditions in Cultural Evolution: Unpredictable Payoffs Generate Slower Rates of Cultural Change

機譯:文化演變中傳統(tǒng)的持續(xù)存在:不可預知的收益導致文化變革的速度降低

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摘要

We report an experimental test of the hypothesis that contrasting traditions will persist for longer, maintaining cultural differences between otherwise similar groups, under conditions of uncertainty about payoffs from individual learning. We studied the persistence of two alternative, experimentally-introduced, task solutions in chains of human participants. In some chains, participants were led to believe that final payoffs would be difficult to predict for an innovative solution, and in others, participants were aware that their final payoff would be directly linked to their immediate solution. Although the difference between the conditions was illusory (only participants’ impressions were manipulated, not actual payoffs) clear differences were found between the conditions. Consistent with predictions, in the chains that were less certain about final payoffs, the distinctive variants endured over several replacement “generations” of participants. In contrast, in the other chains, the influence of the experimentally-introduced solutions was rapidly diluted by participants’ exploration of alternative approaches. The finding provides support for the notion that rates of cultural change are likely to be slower for behaviors for which the relationship between performance and payoff may be hard to predict.
機譯:我們報告了一個假說的實驗性檢驗,即在個人學習收益不確定的情況下,相反的傳統(tǒng)將持續(xù)更長的時間,并保持其他相似群體之間的文化差異。我們研究了人類參與者鏈中兩個替代的,實驗性引入的任務解決方案的持久性。在某些鏈條中,參與者被認為相信對于創(chuàng)新解決方案而言,最終收益很難預測;而在另一些鏈條中,參與者意識到其最終收益將與他們的即時解決方案直接相關。盡管條件之間的差異是虛幻的(僅操縱了參與者的印象,而不是實際的收益),但在條件之間卻發(fā)現了明顯的差異。與預測一致,在不確定最終收益的鏈條中,獨特的變體經受了參與者的幾代替換“世代”。相反,在其他鏈條中,參與者對替代方法的探索迅速削弱了實驗性解決方案的影響。這一發(fā)現為以下觀念提供了依據:文化變革的速度對于行為和回報之間的關系可能難以預測的行為而言可能較慢。

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  • 頁碼 e99708
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