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Bayesian Probabilistic Projections of Life Expectancy for All Countries

機(jī)譯:所有國家預(yù)期壽命的貝葉斯概率預(yù)測

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摘要

We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model for producing probabilistic forecasts of male period life expectancy at birth for all the countries of the world from the present to 2100. Such forecasts would be an input to the production of probabilistic population projections for all countries, which is currently being considered by the United Nations. To evaluate the method, we did an out-of-sample cross-validation experiment, fitting the model to the data from 1950–1995, and using the estimated model to forecast for the subsequent ten years. The ten-year predictions had a mean absolute error of about 1 year, about 40% less than the current UN methodology. The probabilistic forecasts were calibrated, in the sense that (for example) the 80% prediction intervals contained the truth about 80% of the time. We illustrate our method with results from Madagascar (a typical country with steadily improving life expectancy), Latvia (a country that has had a mortality crisis), and Japan (a leading country). We also show aggregated results for South Asia, a region with eight countries. Free publicly available R software packages called bayesLife and bayesDem are available to implement the method.
機(jī)譯:我們提出了一種貝葉斯分層模型,用于產(chǎn)生從現(xiàn)在到2100年世界所有國家的男性預(yù)期壽命預(yù)期出生概率預(yù)測。這種預(yù)測將成為當(dāng)前所有國家概率人口預(yù)測的輸入。正在聯(lián)合國考慮之中。為了評估該方法,我們進(jìn)行了樣本外交叉驗證實驗,將該模型與1950-1995年的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合,然后使用估計的模型進(jìn)行后續(xù)十年的預(yù)測。十年的預(yù)測的平均絕對誤差約為1年,比目前的聯(lián)合國方法要低40%。在(例如)80%的預(yù)測間隔包含大約80%的時間真相的意義上,對概率預(yù)測進(jìn)行了校準(zhǔn)。我們以馬達(dá)加斯加(一個典型的國家,其預(yù)期壽命正在穩(wěn)步提高),拉脫維亞(一個存在死亡危機(jī)的國家)和日本(一個領(lǐng)先的國家)的研究結(jié)果來說明我們的方法。我們還顯示了具有八個國家/地區(qū)的南亞的匯總結(jié)果??梢悦赓M使用名為 bayesLife bayesDem 的免費公開獲得的 R 軟件包來實現(xiàn)該方法。

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