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Improving the Integration of Restoration and Conservation in Marine and Coastal Ecosystems: Lessons from the Deepwater Horizon Disaster

機(jī)譯：加強(qiáng)海洋和沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)恢復(fù)與保護(hù)的整合：來自深水地平線災(zāi)害的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)

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In the wake of the Deepwater Horizon disaster, much has been learned about the biological, ecological, physical, and chemical conditions of the Gulf of Mexico. In parallel, the research community has also gained insight about the social and organizational structures and processes necessary for oil spill response and subsequent marine and coastal restoration. However, even with these lessons from both the Deepwater Horizon and previous spills, including 1989’s Exxon Valdez and the Ixtoc 1 in 1979, our understanding of how to avoid future crises has not advanced at the same pace as offshore oil and gas development. We argue that this progress deficit indicates a continued devaluing of marine and coastal resources. We believe that we must, instead, advance a proactive conservation ethic based on the precautionary principle and an appropriately placed burden of proof—strategies that will help reduce our reliance on costly restoration and protect marine and coastal ecosystems.
機(jī)譯：在“深水地平線”災(zāi)難之后，人們已經(jīng)了解到了墨西哥灣的生物，生態(tài)，物理和化學(xué)狀況。同時，研究界也獲得了對溢油應(yīng)急以及隨后的海洋和沿?；謴?fù)所必需的社會和組織結(jié)構(gòu)與過程的見解。但是，即使從“深水地平線”和以前的泄漏事故（包括1989年的埃克森·瓦爾迪茲（Exxon Valdez）和1979年的Ixtoc 1）中汲取了這些教訓(xùn)，我們對如何避免未來危機(jī)的理解也沒有像海上油氣開發(fā)一樣快。我們認(rèn)為，這一進(jìn)展赤字表明海洋和沿海資源持續(xù)貶值。我們認(rèn)為，我們必須代之以基于預(yù)防原則和適當(dāng)放置的舉證責(zé)任的積極主動的保護(hù)倫理，這將有助于減少我們對昂貴的恢復(fù)工作的依賴，并保護(hù)海洋和沿海生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

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