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Effect of tillage systems and tillage direction on soil hydrological properties and soil suspended particle concentration in arable land in Uganda

機(jī)譯：植物耕地與耕作方向?qū)醺蛇_(dá)耕地土壤水文特性及土壤懸浮顆粒濃度的影響

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The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development addressing the issues of environmental degradation has been challenged by human developments and activities. Crop production systems and technologies (e.g. soil tillage) are among the leading factors causing environmental degradation. In this study, the effect of soil tillage systems (i.e. no-tillage (NT); stubble-mulching (SM); deep tillage (DT); and conventional tillage (CT)) on surface runoff volume (SRV), suspended sediment concentration (SSC), infiltration rate (IR), and soil moisture content (SMC) in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) farms, Mukono District, Uganda was evaluated. The effect of soil tillage direction on SRV was also assessed. The SRV, SSC, IR, and SMC were monitored under Complete Randomized Block Design (CRBD) experiments with four soil tillage systems in Goma and Kimenyedde experimental sites during two wet seasons. The results showed that SRV, SSC, IR, and SMC were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by the soil tillage system, season, and site. The highest total SRV was observed during the first season in Goma experimental site under CT with soil tillage along the slope (1071.3 mm). The lowest SRV was observed during the second season in Kimenyedde experimental site under NT (165.0 mm). The highest and lowest mean SSC was observed in the CT (2.41 ± 0.3 g L?1) in Goma experimental site during the first season and NT (0.43 ± 0.1 g L?1) in Kimenyedde experimental site during the second season, respectively. The SSL was highest under CT in both Goma (147.17 kg ha?1season?1) and Kimenyedde (114.93 kg ha?1season?1), and lowest under NT with the means of 11.25 and 9.19 kg ha?1season?1 in Goma and Kimenyedde experimental sites, respectively. Both SRV and SSC increased linearly with both rainfall amount (RF) and rainfall intensity at 10 min (RI10). The highest and lowest IR and SMC were observed in the NT and CT treatments, respectively. No significant (p > 0.05) variations were observed in the SMC under the NT and SM treatments. Overall, soil tillage systems, soil type, and rainfall characteristics are among the key factors influencing the magnitudes of SRV and SSC in both time and space. This particular study suggests that NT and SM would help reduce the magnitudes of SRV and SSC, in agricultural fields.
機(jī)譯：涉及環(huán)境退化問題的2030年可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程已受到人類發(fā)展和活動(dòng)的挑戰(zhàn)。作物生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)和技術(shù)（例如土壤耕作）是引起環(huán)境退化的主要因素之一。在這項(xiàng)研究中，土壤耕作系統(tǒng)的影響（即無耕作（NT）;茬覆蓋（SM）;深耕（DT）;和常規(guī)耕作（CT））表面徑流量（SRV），懸浮沉積物濃度（SSC），烏干達(dá)Mukono區(qū)的普通豆（Phoudolusulus L.）農(nóng)場(chǎng)中的滲透率（IR）和土壤水分含量（SMC）。還評(píng)估了土壤耕作方向?qū)RV的影響。在兩個(gè)潮濕的季節(jié)，在完全隨機(jī)塊設(shè)計(jì)（CRBD）實(shí)驗(yàn)下，在完整的隨機(jī)塊設(shè)計(jì)（CRBD）實(shí)驗(yàn)下進(jìn)行SRV，SSC，IR和SMC進(jìn)行了四種土壤耕作系統(tǒng)的實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明，受土壤耕作系統(tǒng)，季節(jié)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)影響的SRV，SSC，IR和SMC顯著（P <0.05）。在CT下的戈馬實(shí)驗(yàn)部位的第一個(gè)季節(jié)期間觀察到最高的SRV，沿著坡度的土壤耕作（1071.3mm）。在NT（165.0mm）下的Kimenyedde實(shí)驗(yàn)部位的第二季中觀察到最低SRV。在第二季的第一個(gè)季節(jié)和Kimenyedde實(shí)驗(yàn)部位的戈馬實(shí)驗(yàn)部位中的CT（2.41±0.3g L-1）中觀察到最高和最低平均SSC。在戈馬（147.17kg ha-1season-1）和kimenyedde（114.93kg ha-1season-1）中的CT下最高的SSL最高，并且在NT下最低的是11.25和9.19 kg Ha-1賽-1的戈馬和Kimenyedde分別進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)遺址。 SRV和SSC在10分鐘（RI10）的降雨量（RF）和降雨強(qiáng)度都隨著降雨量（RF）和降雨強(qiáng)度而升高。在NT和CT處理中分別觀察到最高和最低的IR和SMC。在NT和SM處理下，在SMC中觀察到?jīng)]有顯著（p> 0.05）變化。總體而言，土壤耕作系統(tǒng)，土壤類型和降雨特征是影響兩次和空間中SRV和SSC大小的關(guān)鍵因素。這種特殊的研究表明，NT和SM將有助于降低農(nóng)業(yè)領(lǐng)域的SRV和SSC的大小。

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