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Fusarium spp.: infections and intoxications

機(jī)譯：鐮刀菌屬：感染和中毒

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The genus Fusarium, member of the Hypocreaceae family, comprises over 500 spp. with an ever-evolving taxonomy. These fungi, some highly pathogenic, primarily affect various plants, including major crops like maize, rice, cereals, and potatoes, leading to significant agricultural losses and contributing to human undernutrition in certain regions. Additionally, Fusarium spp. produce harmful mycotoxins like trichothecenes, fumonisins, zearalenones, etc., posing health risks to animals and humans. These toxins generally transferred to food items can cause diverse issues, including organ failure, cancer, and hormonal disturbances, with effects sometimes appearing years after exposure. The fungi’s vast genetic repertoire enables them to produce a range of virulence factors, leading to infections in both animals and humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Fusarium spp. can cause systemic infections and local infections like keratitis. Due to limited antifungal effectiveness and biofilm formation, these infections are often challenging to treat with poor outcomes.
機(jī)譯：鐮刀菌屬是鐮刀菌科的成員，包括 500 多個(gè)屬，分類(lèi)學(xué)不斷發(fā)展。這些真菌，其中一些具有高度致病性，主要影響各種植物，包括玉米、水稻、谷物和馬鈴薯等主要農(nóng)作物，導(dǎo)致重大農(nóng)業(yè)損失，并導(dǎo)致某些地區(qū)的人類(lèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。此外，鐮刀菌屬會(huì)產(chǎn)生有害的霉菌毒素，如單端孢霉烯、伏馬菌素、玉米赤霉烯酮等，對(duì)動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)構(gòu)成健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這些通常轉(zhuǎn)移到食品中的毒素會(huì)導(dǎo)致各種問(wèn)題，包括器官衰竭、癌癥和荷爾蒙紊亂，有時(shí)在接觸多年后才會(huì)出現(xiàn)影響。這種真菌龐大的遺傳庫(kù)使它們能夠產(chǎn)生一系列毒力因子，導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物和人類(lèi)感染，尤其是免疫功能低下的個(gè)體。鐮刀菌屬可引起全身感染和角膜炎等局部感染。由于抗真菌效果和生物膜形成有限，這些感染通常難以治療且結(jié)果不佳。

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