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Polyketide Synthases in the Microbiome of the Marine Sponge Plakortis halichondrioides: A Metagenomic Update

機(jī)譯：海洋海綿Plakortis halichondrioides的微生物組中的聚酮化合物合酶：一個(gè)元基因組更新。

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Sponge-associated microorganisms are able to assemble the complex machinery for the production of secondary metabolites such as polyketides, the most important class of marine natural products from a drug discovery perspective. A comprehensive overview of polyketide biosynthetic genes of the sponge Plakortis halichondrioides and its symbionts was obtained in the present study by massively parallel 454 pyrosequencing of complex and heterogeneous PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) products amplified from the metagenomic DNA of a specimen of P. halichondrioides collected in the Caribbean Sea. This was accompanied by a survey of the bacterial diversity within the sponge. In line with previous studies, sequences belonging to supA and swfA, two widespread sponge-specific groups of polyketide synthase (PKS) genes were dominant. While they have been previously reported as belonging to Poribacteria (a novel bacterial phylum found exclusively in sponges), re-examination of current genomic sequencing data showed supA and swfA not to be present in the poribacterial genome. Several non-supA, non-swfA type-I PKS fragments were also identified. A significant portion of these fragments resembled type-I PKSs from protists, suggesting that bacteria may not be the only source of polyketides from P. halichondrioides, and that protistan PKSs should receive further investigation as a source of novel polyketides.
機(jī)譯：與海綿相關(guān)的微生物能夠組裝復(fù)雜的機(jī)器，以生產(chǎn)次生代謝產(chǎn)物，例如聚酮化合物，這是從藥物發(fā)現(xiàn)的角度來(lái)看最重要的海洋天然產(chǎn)物。在本研究中，通過(guò)從收集的鹵蟲(chóng)假單胞菌標(biāo)本的宏基因組DNA中擴(kuò)增的復(fù)雜且非均質(zhì)PCR（聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)）產(chǎn)物的大規(guī)模平行454焦磷酸測(cè)序，對(duì)海綿Plakortis halichondrioides及其共生體的聚酮化合物生物合成基因進(jìn)行了全面概述。在加勒比海。伴隨著對(duì)海綿內(nèi)細(xì)菌多樣性的調(diào)查。與先前的研究一致（屬于supA和swfA的序列），兩個(gè)廣泛存在的海綿狀特異性聚酮合酶（PKS）基因組占主導(dǎo)地位。盡管先前已報(bào)道它們屬于細(xì)菌性瘧原蟲(chóng)（僅在海綿中發(fā)現(xiàn)的新型細(xì)菌菌門(mén)），但對(duì)當(dāng)前基因組測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)的重新檢查顯示，在幽門(mén)細(xì)菌基因組中不存在supA和swfA。還鑒定了幾個(gè)非supA，非swfA I型PKS片段。這些片段的很大一部分類(lèi)似于來(lái)自原生生物的I型PKS，表明細(xì)菌可能不是哈氏瘧原蟲(chóng)的多酮化合物的唯一來(lái)源，而脂多糖PKSs應(yīng)作為新的聚酮化合物的來(lái)源接受進(jìn)一步的研究。

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